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BACKGROUND: Effects of co-substrate sorbitol different feeding strategies on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) production by Pichia pastoris hGH-Mut + were investigated by eight designed experiments grouped as: (i) fed-batch methanol feeding without the co-substrate; (ii) fed-batch methanol feeding with pulse sorbitol feeding; (iii) fed-batch methanol feeding together with fed-batch sorbitol feeding at t = 0-15 h, followed by fed-batch methanol feeding; and (iv) fed-batch methanol and sorbitol feeding at t = 0-30 h, followed with fed-batch methanol feeding. RESULTS:The highest rhGH and cell concentrations were achieved, respectively, as 0.64 g L −1 and 105 g L −1 at t = 42 h of induction phase, with the strategy where methanol was fed to the system at a pre-determined feeding rate of µ M0 =0.03 h −1 , and sorbitol concentration was kept at 50 g L −1 at t = 0-15 h of the rhGH production phase where the specific growth rate on sorbitol was µ S0 =0.025 h −1 . The overall cell and product yield on total substrate were found as 0.26 g g −1 and 2.26 mg g −1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates that co-carbon source, sorbitol, feeding strategy is as important as methanol feeding strategy in recombinant protein production by Mut + strains of P. pastoris.

The influence of carbon sources on rhGH (recombinant human growth hormone) production by two Pichia pastoris strains having different methanol utilization phenotypes (P. pastoris-hGH-Mut(+) and P. pastoris-hGH-Mut(s)) was investigated using batch bioreactors. The effect of methanol concentration (C(MeOH)) in defined and complex media, and further glycerol/methanol mixed defined media, was analysed systematically over a wide range. With methanol as the sole carbon source, strain Mut(s) grew only slightly, whereas with Mut(+), a cell concentration (C(X)) of 6.0 g of dry cells/dm(3) was obtained and an rhGH concentration (C(rhGH)) of 0.032 g/dm(3) was produced. In complex medium without glycerol at a C(MeOH) of 2% (v/v), a C(rhGH) of 0.16 g of rhGH/dm(3) was produced by Mut(s), a value 3-fold higher than that produced by Mut(+), despite the fact that the C(X) of Mut(+) (6.1 g/dm(3)) was 2-fold higher than that of Mut(s) (3.0 g/dm(3)). In a glycerol/methanol mixed defined medium, methanol consumption began when glycerol was totally depleted, indicating that glycerol is a repressor of the AOX1 (alcohol oxidase-1 gene) promoter. With strain Mut(s) at a glycerol concentration (C(Gly)) of 30 g/dm(3) and a C(MeOH) of 1% (v/v), the C(rhGH) produced was 0.11 g/dm(3), whereas, with the Mut(+) strain, a C(rhGH) of 0.06 g/dm(3) was obtained at a C(Gly) of 30 g/dm(3) and a C(MeOH) of 4%. As methanol is not consumed by Mut(s) strain effectively and the presence of methanol in the fermentation broth triggers induction of the AOX1 promoter, our results encourage the use of the Mut(s) strain for rhGH production. In addition to rhGH production, the specific cell growth rates, specific methanol and/or glycerol utilization rates and maintenance coefficients in methanol- and glycerol-based defined media were determined. With a methanol-based defined medium and using the Mut(+) strain, a higher specific growth rate (mu) of approx. 0.14 h(-1) was observed during the exponential cell growth phase at a C(MeOH) of

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