No abstract

The course of the flexor hallucis tendon (FHL) is divided into three zones. Zone 1 is located behind the ankle joint, from the musculotendinous junction to the orifice of the tunnel underneath the sustentaculum tali. Zone 2 is located from the tunnel underneath the sustentaculum tali to the knot of Henry. Zone 3 is located from the knot of Henry to the tendon insertion to the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe. The zone 1 FHL tendon is examined with posterior ankle endoscopy with the posterolateral and posteromedial portals. The zone 2 FHL tendon can be examined through the posteromedial and the plantar portals. The zone 3 FHL tendon is examined with the toe flexor tendoscopy. By means of different endoscopic approach to the each zone of the FHL tendon, the complete course of the tendon can be examined from the musclotendinous junction to its insertion.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This is a technical note on endoscopic peroneal retinaculum reconstruction in the management of peroneal tendons instability. The surgical trauma of open peroneal retinaculum reconstruction can be minimized with endoscopic approach. The author describes the surgical principle and technique of this endoscopic approach.

Our objective is to assess whether the tendoscopic synovectomy is effective to control the stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Our study is a retrospective one. The participants, six patients with stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, were treated with tendoscopy with synovectomy for the past 3 years. The results show that this is a safe procedure and we could achieve similar effectiveness as the traditional open procedure. There was no complication found. None of our patients have progressed to stage II or above posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. In conclusion, tendoscopic debridement is a minimal invasive surgery. It is effective to control the stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. In addition, it had the advantages of smaller scars, less wound pain and a short hospital stay.