Shallot Farming With Good Agriculture Practices Technology Package. The productivity of shallot at the farmer level in Dolok Silau Sub district, North Sumatera Province is still low that is 4-5.25 ton/ha. The area of shallot cultivation in North Sumatra continues to decrease, because the selling price of tubers often harms the farmers. This study aimed to determine the increase shallot productivity using Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) technology package. This assessment was an adaptive research in a farming system perspective with On Farm Client Oriented Adaptive Research (OFCOAR) approach. The assessment was carried out in three farmer groups in Sarang Padang Village, Dolok Silau Sub-district, North Sumatera Province, 2016. The total area of shallot farming was 1500 m 2 . The GAP technology package increased production costs per hectare, but the cost of shallot production per kg became cheaper, equal to (58%) of the farmer's technological costs. B/C of GAP package was 3.21 or this value was higher than the farmer technology package by 0.60. The addition of one unit of production cost to the GAP technology package could increase revenue by 7.29 times the revenues earned by the usual technology applied by farmers. The analysis of competitive advantage showed that the minimum selling price of shallot was 6,844.9 IDR/kg. Farmers still gain a competitive advantage from shallot farming activities at production rate of 17 ton/ha with the application of GAP technology. Keywords: shallot, package technology, GAP, production cost, revenue ABSTRAKProduktivitas bawang merah di tingkat petani di Kecamatan Dolok Silau, Provinsi Sumatera Utara masih rendah yaitu 4-5,25 ton/ha. Luas pertanaman bawang merah di Sumatera Utara terus berkurang, karena harga jual umbi yang sering merugikan petani. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan produktivitas bawang merah menggunakan paket teknologi Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). Pengkajian ini merupakan penelitian adaptif dalam perspektif sistem usahatani dengan pendekatan On Farm Client Oriented Adaptive Research (OFCOAR). Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada tiga kelompok tani di Desa Sarang Padang, Kecamatan Dolok Silau, Sumatera Utara, 2016. Luasan pertanaman bawang merah masing-masing kelompok tani 1500 m 2 . Paket teknologi GAP tersebut meningkatkan biaya produksi per hektar, tetapi biaya produksi bawang merah per kg menjadi lebih murah sebesar (58%) dari biaya teknologi petani. B/C paket GAP sebesar 3,21 atau nilai ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan paket teknologi petani sebesar 0,60. Penambahan satu satuan biaya produksi pada paket teknologi GAP dapat meningkatkan pendapatan sebesar 7,29 kali dari pendapatan yang diperoleh dengan teknologi yang biasa diterapkan petani. Analisis keuntungan kompetitif menunjukkan bahwa harga jual minimal bawang merah sebesar Rp6.844,9/kg. Petani masih memperoleh keuntungan kompetitif dari kegiatan usahatani bawang merah pada tingkat produksi 17 ton/ha dengan penerapan teknologi GAP.Kata kunci: bawang merah, paket teknologi, GAP, biaya prod...

The latest IAARD’s innovation for stepping up in the productivity of red chilies is called the Double Fold Production (Proliga). Before this program started to be transferred, it was necessary to determine the existing features of the red chili cultivation technology at the study site of the Proliga program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the existing cultivation technology performance, productivity, constraints and to analyze red chili farming, and to formulate a strategy to improve the cultivation technology innovation package. The research was carried out through a structured survey of red chili farmers in Bukit Village, Karo Regency from August 2017 to February 2018. The results of the study found that the productivity of red chili in Karo District was stagnant for a decade, namely 8.28 t/ha. Area per house-hold was 0.060.15 ha. The average B/C value =-0.13. This study concludes that the main strategy to achieve a jump in productivity (from 8.25 t/ha to > 16.5 t/ha) through the application of Proliga technology innovation in Karo District was the use of healthy seeds, site-specific fertilization and Bemisia border installation since the beginning of planting.

This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of the rice farming system in Serdang Bedagai Regency and to recommend policies to increase the contribution of rice agribusiness to rural development. The studies carried out included the existing technology used by farmers, production, productivity, cropping index, analysis of farming system and distribution, and marketing of products. The research method used in this study is a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to 40 farmer respondents. Structured interviews were also conducted with traders, rice mill entrepreneurs, and policymakers. The data analysis used in this research is qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is used to find an overview of the technology, production, productivity, cropping index, and marketing and to explain the costs and income of rice farmers which are described descriptively. The quantitative analysis used is the analysis of farm costs and income, which are the ratio of revenue and costs (R/C ratio) analysis and the cost per kg milled dry grain. The results showed that the cultivation technology used by farmers was varied, there were 23 villages whose rice productivity was still below 5 tons/h, 10 villages in 3 sub-districts had the cropping index still below 2, the R/C ratio of rice farming was 1.45, where the cost to produce 1 kg of milled dry grain in Serdang Bedagai Regency, on average are IDR 3,099. Meanwhile, the distribution and marketing of the harvest were controlled by big rice mill entrepreneurs.

The irrigation system is one of the main supporting factors to increase the production of an agricultural commodity, especially for rice. Recently, the significant contribution from the irrigation system gives small value because of some issues such as climate change, land use change, and the infrastructure damage from the irrigation infrastructure system itself. Indeed, it is affecting the total rice production. This study has objectives to map the distribution of irrigation canal system and to observe the correlation of irrigation canal distribution to the cropping index, total irrigated-area, total harvested area, and the total rice production in North Tapanuli Regency. The Geographical Information System (GIS) was applied for the mapping of the irrigation canal system distribution, and the SPSS through Pearson Correlation was implemented as well to analyze the correlation of the irrigation system in rice cultivation. The results show that the distribution of irrigation canal system has no correlation with the total irrigated area and the other parameters. Besides, it was found that the highest of the total irrigated area is located in Siborong-borong, Pangaribuan and Pagaran Districts by covered 2,561 ha, 2,254 ha and 1,711 ha, respectively. Then, it was observed that the total irrigated area has significant correlation with the total harvested area, total production and productivity. In addition the cropping index has positively correlation with the total rice production. Based on the results, it needs to increase the irrigated-coverage area on the districts level, to enhance the future rice production sustainability.

Rice farmers in Humbang Hasundutan Regency still maintain rice technology with the scattering system because farmers feel this planting system to be still relevant to the condition of available resources in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. The study of direct seed planting system technology in Humbang Hasundutan Regency was carried out using a survey method by conducting interviews with key informants in Polung Subdistrict, Humbang Hasundutan Regency. From the interview results, it was found that the transplanting system technology, both with tiles and jajar legowo in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, did not give significantly different results compared to the scattering system. The results of the farming analysis obtained show that the scattering system gives an R/C value of 1.88 compared to the transplanting system of 1.94 R/C.