Background:Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition with painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea is not yet clearly studied in central India.Objective:To study prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in young girls and to evaluate associated clinical markers of dysmenorrhea.Materials and Methods:In a cross-sectional study, data was collected among 310 girls (18–25 years) on age at menarche, presence and absence of dysmenorrhea, dysmenorrhea duration, pre-menstrual symptoms (PMS), family history, menses irregularities, menstrual history, severity grading using visual analogue scale (VAS) using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results:Dysmenorrhea was reported in 84.2% (261) girls and 15.8% (49) reported no dysmenorrhea. Using VAS, 34.2% of girls experienced severe pain, 36.6% moderate and 29.2% had mild pain. Bleeding duration was found to be significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (χ2 = 10.5; P < 0.05), girls with bleeding duration more than 5 days had 1.9 times more chance of getting dysmenorrhea (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.7–3). Moreover, girls with the presence of clots had 2.07 times higher chance of having dysmenorrhea (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.04–4.1) (P < 0.05). Almost 53.7% girls who had some family history of dysmenorrhea, 90.9% experience the condition themselves (χ2 = 11.5; P < 0.001). Girls with family history of dysmenorrhea had three times greater chance of having the same problem (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5–5.8; P = 0.001).Conclusion:Dysmenorrhea is found to be highly prevalent among college going girls. Family history, bleeding duration and presence of clots were significant risk factors for dysmenorrhea.

without any organic pathology. [3] The onset of primary dysmenorrhea is usually at or shortly after menarche, when ovulatory cycles are established. Women with primary dysmenorrhea have a greater endometrial production of prostaglandins compared with asymptomatic women. [4] Primary dysmenorrhea is an important clinical cause in young girls for work absenteeism, thus having negative effect on QoL. The World Health Organization defined health as being not only the absence of disease and infirmity but also the presence of physical, mental, and social well-being. [5] QoL is defined as a subjective phenomenon based on individual perception, experiences, beliefs, and expectations. [6] Nowadays, QoL has become an issue in many clinical studies. [7] Severe dysmenorrhea pain is associated with restriction of activity and absence from school/college or workplace. Participation in usual activities is adversely affected in 5-20% of the women. [8] Pain poses a unique challenge for outcomes research because of the central importance of patientcentered and patient-reported information. The diagnosis may be overlooked, and the impact of primary dysmenorrhea has been poorly studied; mainly, the studies have focused on Western populations. [9]

Background: Analysis of maternal near miss provides a good opportunity for assessing the factors responsible for maternal mortality in this area. Objective: Incidence of maternal near miss and mortality cases in central India tertiary care centre and evaluation of various causes using WHO criteria. Material and Methods: It is an ongoing prospective observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Index medical college, Indore, MP from September 2015 to October 2016. The patients who fulfilled the WHO criteria of maternal near miss were enrolled; their clinical and investigation parameters were recorded. Results: During the study period a total 4786 deliveries were observed, out of that 4533 were live births, 74 were near miss cases and 15 maternal deaths. Twenty nine (39.1%) of near miss cases were found in 15-20 year of age group while 53.33 % cases of maternal death were found of same age group. Primipara cases were more in both near miss (60.8 %) and maternal death group (60.0 %). Majority of patients were in third trimester and underwent vaginal delivery. Among the causes of near miss events, hemorrhage was the leading cause followed by preeclampsia/eclampsia and sepsis. Conclusion: Near miss cases generally occur more frequently than maternal death and therefore a more reliable quantitative analysis can be carried out, which can provide more comprehensive profile of health system functioning. Identification of the obstacles and gaps in the health system and a coordinated approach to resolve these can ultimately lead to an improved health system.

The multiple pterygium syndrome is consist of wide range of fetal malformations which have a genetic linkage. A defect in embryonic acetylcholine receptor which can be inherited as autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-linked fashion is the cause of this syndrome. We present a sporadic case of lethal multiple pterygium syndrome.

Aims and Objectives:To determine the correlation of antioxidant system and reactive oxygen species with clinical parameters in infertile semen samples.Materials and Methods:Semen sample of fifty infertile men were divided into three groups: (1) Group I - Normospermic (count >15 million/ml), Group II - Asthenospermic (motility <32%), and Group III - Oligospermic (counts <15 million/ml) subjects based on the sperm count and sperm motility. The samples were also divided into two groups: (1) Group IV with semen pH >7.2 (25 samples) and Group V - Semen pH <7.2 (25 samples). The grouping was based on the WHO guideline for semen analysis (12). The semen antioxidant parameters like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) (spectrophotometric method Kornberg and Horecker, 1955). Catalase (Maehly and Chance 1954), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (Rotruck method), glutathione (GSH) (dithiobisnitro-benzoate method), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (direct method), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay kit method) were investigated. Mann–Whitney U-test was applied to compare the findings.Results:Of fifty semen samples there were 12 normospermic (sperm concentration ≥15 × 106/ml of ejaculates), 24 asthenospermic (sperm motility ≤32%), and 14 oligospermic (sperm concentration ≤15 × 106/ml of ejaculates) subjects. Results suggested that all asthenospermic males were found to have reduced motility and viability when compared with normospermic and oligospermic subjects. Activity of antioxidant parameters such as G-6-PDH, GPX, GSH, and SOD was decreased in case of asthenospermic subjects. The concentration of MDA was increased significantly (P < 0.001) in semen of asthenospermic subjects compared to normospermic and oligospermic subjects.Conclusion:The current study concludes that there is a significant relationship of ROS and semen parameters. Further studies will be needed in such subjects regarding role of effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in improving semen qualities.