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In our study, the single‐use & eco‐friendly electrochemical sensor platform based on herbal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed for detection of mercury (II) ion (Hg2+). For this purpose, the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified with AgNPs and folic acid (FA), respectively. The concentrations of AgNPs and FA were firstly optimized by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to obtain an effective surface modification of PGE. Each step at the surface modification process was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy (EIS). The limit of detection (LOD) for Hg2+ was estimated and found to be 8.43 μM by CV technique. The sensor presented an excellent selectivity for Hg2+ against to other heavy metal ions such as Ca2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Co2+ and Mn2+. Moreover, a rapid, selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+ was successfully performed in the samples of tap water within 1 min.

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Abstract:In this study, the essential oil of Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. GC and GC/MS analyzes of the essential oil from Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri were determined the identification of 48 components representing 86.9% of the oil. With this analysis, the major component was found as hexadecanoic acid (31.4%). Subsequent to this component, other major components were caryophyllene oxide (6.4%), spathulenol (6.2%) and dodecanoic acid (4.5%). In addition to this, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri were prepared for analyzes of fatty acids. By this test the amount of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found as 47.79% with major fatty acid was stearic acid (18.64%). The amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was found as 16.88% with major fatty acid was oleic acid (14.20%). The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found as 21.29% with major fatty acid was linoleic acid (15.20%). The results from this work were compared with the previous works in terms of essential oils and fatty acids.

AbstractASP was used to synthesize FeNPA. They were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD and ZP. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic activity and antioxidant acitivities of FeNPA and ASP. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS+ and H2O2 assays. FeNPA had higher antioxidant activity comparing to ASP according to DPPH (IC50: 3.48 μg/mL) and ABTS+ (60.52%) assays. Anti-cancer activities of FeNPA and ASP were investigated in breast cancer, melanoma and control cell lines. FeNPA was more cytotoxic than ASP in MCF-7, MeWo, CHL-1, and HEL 299 cells. FeNPA had shown that mitochondria induce apoptosis through stress in MDA-MB-231, and cells MeWo. ASP also induced apoptosis 2.23-fold in MCF-7 cells. Progesterone receptor gene expression showed a 10-fold increase in a hormone-dependent MCF-7 cell line in ASP, and FeNPA treatment. Expressions of BCL6, CXCL12, DNAJC15, RB1 and TPM1 in melanoma cancer cell lines were significantly increased in ASP and FeNPA administration. It had been shown that FeNPA regulates gene expressions that may be considered important in terms of prognosis in breast cancer and melanoma cell lines and it is suggested that gene expressions regulated by FeNPA are also evaluated in animal models in vivo.

The aim of this study is to determine the fatty acid compositions and antioxidant activities of three Centaurea species as Centaurea iberica, C. urvillei ssp. hayekiana, and C. urvillei ssp. nimrodis and compare them with each other. As a result of fatty acid determination by GC MS method, oleic acid and linoleic acid were found as the main fatty acids in these Centaurea species. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were determined at 58.66%, 46.98%, 62.22% in C. iberica, C. urvillei ssp. hayekiana and C. urvillei ssp. nimrodis, respectively. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of three Centaurea species were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC assays. The methanol extract of C. urvillei ssp hayekiana showed the highest antioxidant activity in direct proportion to the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances. The fact that the antioxidant activities of these three species and fatty acid analyzes have not been compared in previous studies is important in that this study is the first.

The content of fatty acids in plants and especially the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids is very important. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids with antioxidant properties are useful in scavenging harmful radicals. In this study, fatty acid compositions and antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of Ranunculus isthmicus subsp. tenuifolius (syn. Xiphocoma tenuifolia) and Ranunculus rumelicus from Turkey were evaluated. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of the oil extracts of two Ranunculus species were prepared. The fatty acid compositions of plants were investigated by gas chromatography (GC). Unsaturated fatty acids were detected in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids. The primary unsaturated fatty acids of the R. isthmicus subsp. tenuifolius oil were linoleic acid (38.42%), oleic acid (18.24%), palmitoleic acid (8.96%), and palmitic acid (8.12%) were determined fatty acid. Linoleic acid (24.09%), palmitoleic acid (16.25%) and palmitic acid (10.32%) were found in R. rumelicus oil as the major fatty acids. The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of two plants were evaluated by DPPH•, ABTS•+, and CUPRAC assays. The extracts' total phenolics and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. The methanolic extract of Ranunculus isthmicus subsp. tenuifolius demonstrated the higher antioxidant activity compared to R. rumelicus. The extracted oil from both Ranunculus species is a good source of essential fatty acids, especially linoleic acid. According to the antioxidant activity findings, it was determined that the extracts showed a significant correlation with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Lamiaceae familyası birçok cins ve türü içinde barındıran geniş bir familyadır. Bu çalışmada, familyadaki türlerden olan Stachys lavandulifolia, Salvia verticillata, Phlomis herba venti sp. pungens ve Phlomis sieheana bitkilerinin GC/MS yöntemi kullanılarak yağ asidi içerikleri tayin edilmiştir. Buna göre tekli doymamış yağ asidi oranının %18-%34 ve çoklu doymamış yağ asidi oranının ise %24-%49 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her bir bitki için bulunmuş olan majör doymuş yağ asitleri trikozanoik asit ve lignoserik asit olarak bulunmuşken, majör doymamış yağ asitleri ise nervonik asit, eikodadienoik asit ve dokozadienoik asit olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yağlar, başta yüksek bir enerji kaynağı olmak üzere, sağlık üzerinde birçok faydalı etkiye sahiptir. Yüksek miktarda doymamış yağ asidi içeriği sayesinde, bitkilerin sağlık üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu desteklenmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bu bitkilerle yapılacak her bir çalışmaya ışık tutacaktır.