Evaluating multiple criteria and selecting and/or ranking alternatives is called Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). These methods which are considered important decision-making tools for decision makers due to their multidisciplinary nature have been developed over the years. As a result, there are many MCDM methods in the literature. In this chapter, TOPSIS and VIKOR, widely used in the literature, will be discussed. The major reason for examining these two methods is that the aggregating function used by both methods is similar because VIKOR method uses linear normalization and TOPSIS method uses vector normalization. The process of the methods is shown on a data set that includes the Human Development Index (HDI) indicators, which have been developed to measure the development levels of countries as well as the unemployment indicator. It was observed that the methods yielded similar results.
In this chapter, an alternative measure to Euclidean distance measurement is proposed which is used to calculate positive and negative ideal solutions in the traditional TOPSIS method. Lp Minkowski family and L1 family distance measures were used for this purpose. By taking the averages of the distance measurements in the Lq and L1 families, more general and accurate level units were tried to be obtained. Thus, it was shown that TOPSIS method can give different results according to the distance measure used. The importance of the distance measurement unit was emphasized to rank the alternatives correctly. The implementation and evaluation of the proposed method was carried out through the financial performance of the deposit bank operating in the Turkish Banking Sector. It was seen that the rankings of the alternatives changed according to the distance measurements used. By referring to the distance measurements that can be used in the TOPSIS method, it was shown that the rank of the alternatives can vary according to the preferred distance measure.
Purpose- In the study, the effects of sectors on the growth of OECD member countries were determined by using the Fuzzy Goal Programming method. These findings may help policymakers see sector impacts that help countries in their growth targets. The study aims to contribute to the literature in two ways. The first of these analyses are based on long-term economic growth and primary sector analysis. The second contribution is to propose an alternative empirical methodology with clustering analysis which is not used to obtain the basic assumption of homogeneity in the application of panel data analysis. Methodology- The effects of sectors on the growth of OECD member countries were determined by using the Fuzzy Goal Programming method. In the second step, countries were divided into groups using K-means clustering analysis according to these impact values. With the help of these weights, the growth dynamics of similar countries and the contributions of sectors to this dynamic were obtained. Findings- Countries analyzed in terms of the contribution of sectoral growth rates to the growth rate of the country were divided into groups by cluster analysis. It is determined that the countries grouped in terms of the contribution of sectors to growth are divided into 5 groups. The first group has 10 member countries. The second group has 12 countries and the third group it has 7 countries, the fourth group has 4 countries and only 1 country belongs to the fifth group. The countries in group 1 are Estonia, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The countries in group 2 are Australia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and New Zealand. The countries in group 3 are Austria, Spain, Finland, France, the Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Switzerland, the USA, Israel, Costa Rica, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Conclusion- Countries that have similar sectoral structures can analyze growth with panel data analysis, but it is important to form homogeneous groups while doing this analysis. For this reason, another critical suggestion it is offered based on the study is the use of FGP methodology in the analysis method. Keywords: Economic growth, sectoral growth, Fuzzy Goal Programming, Cluster Analysis, Panel VAR JEL Codes: N10, C61, C38, C33
Teknolojinin insan yaşamındaki yeri ve önemi gittikçe artmaktadır. Gelişen ve değişen dünyamızda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, haberleşme ve fikirleri yayma gibi çok çeşitli şekillerde ve platformlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumların gelişiminde rolü çok büyük olan özel yetenekli öğrencilerin eğitim aldığı BİLSEM (Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi) öğretmenlerinin eğitim teknolojilerine dair öz yeterliklerini Uluslararası Eğitim Teknolojisi Standartlarına (ISTE) göre belirlemektir. Ayrıca öz yeterliklerini şekillendiren unsurları açıklamak ve öz yeterliğin düşük çıktığı konuları derinleştirerek alanyazına katkı sağlamaktır. Bunun yanı sıra bilim ve sanat merkezi öğretmenlerinin eğitim teknolojilerine dair öz yeterliklerini artırmak için yapılması gerekenleri tespit etmektir. Bunun için karma yöntem araştırmalarından açıklayıcı karma desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 2020-2021 Eğitim Öğretim yılında BİLSEM’lerde görev yapan 284 öğretmen katılmıştır. Nicel boyutta çalışmaya katılan öğretmenlerin öz yeterlikleri katılıyorum seviyesinde yüksek çıkmıştır. Nitel boyutta ise tabakalı örnekleme ile 17 katılımcı belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin öz yeterliklerini en çok etkileyen unsurların tam ve doğrudan yaşantılar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yönüyle bu çalışma, öz yeterlik konusunda alanyazındaki çalışmaları desteklemektedir. BİLSEM öğretmenlerinin uluslararası eğitim teknolojisi standartlarına göre dijital vatandaşlık, bilgi güvenliği, eğitim teknolojilerinin kullanımında öncü olma konularında öz yeterlikleri düşük çıkmıştır ve bu alanda öğretmenlerin bilgi-donanım eksiği olduğunu ifade ettikleri tespit edilerek sebepleriyle açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda benzer standart oluşturma çalışmalarının ülkemiz için de geliştirilebileceği, BİLSEM’lerde teknoloji desteğinin artırılması gerektiği gibi konular öneri olarak sunulmuştur.
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