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In view of the importance of the peptide linkage in structural biology, we have carried out intensive investigations on peptide molecules consisting of a peptide linkage with one or two substituents in the gas phase by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, paying special attention to the internal rotation of the substituents relative to the central linkage framework. We have found that, in sharp contrast with the stiff structure around the central C-N bond of the linkage, the internal rotations of the substituents are of low frequency and thus of large amplitude and are extremely susceptible to their local environment such as the presence of other substituents.

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Sublattice reversal in III-V compound semiconductors grown on group-IV epitaxial layers on III-V substrates has been proposed for fabricating nonlinear optical devices with domain-inverted compound semiconductor structures. Sublattice reversal epitaxy is demonstrated in the GaAs/Si/GaAs (100) system and confirmed by reflection high energy electron diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, anisotropic etching, and optical second-harmonic generation measurements. The present sublattice reversal seems to be assisted by self annihilation of antiphase domains generated at GaAs/Si interfaces.

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ÃÃElectrometallurgical pyroprocessing is a promising technology to realize actinide fuel cycle. Integrated experiments to demonstrate electrometallurgical pyroprocessing of PuO 2 in continuous operation were carried out. In each test, 10-20 g of PuO 2 was reacted with Li reductant to form metal product. The reduction products were charged in an anode basket of the electrorefiner with LiCl-KCl-UCl 3 electrolyte. Using the anode, deposition of uranium on the solid cathode was carried out when PuCl 3 /UCl 3 concentration ratio was low. After the Pu/U ratio in the salt electrolyte was increased enough, Pu and U were recovered simultaneously on a liquid cadmium cathode. By heating up the deposits for distillation of the salt and the cadmium, U metal or Pu-U alloyed metal was obtained as residues in the crucible. It was the first result to demonstrate the recovery of metal actinides in the continuous operation of pyroprocessing of oxide fuels.