We investigate the transfer of the
dissolved species into the plasma during laser ablation in liquid.
Laser ablation of a Cu target in LiCl + NaCl aqueous solutions and
emission spectroscopy of the plasma are performed. Emission lines
of Li and Na atoms are observed. Atomic density ratio N
Li/N
Na in the plasma estimated
from the emission spectra agrees with the concentration ratio C
Li/C
Na in the solutions.
This suggests the phase explosion of water due to the strong interaction
between the extremely high-temperature matter ablated from the target
and the surrounding water. This causes a cavitation bubble and the
transfer of the dissolved species from the solution into the bubble
without any element selectivity.
Direct intra-articular injection of a PLGA nanosphere system with a water-soluble steroid provided a prolonged pharmacological efficacy in the joints of arthritic rabbits. The local anesthetic in the knee-joints was evaluated to be safe and without biologic damage.
Key indicatorsSingle-crystal X-ray study T = 93 K Mean (C-C) = 0.007 Å R factor = 0.091 wR factor = 0.346 Data-to-parameter ratio = 10.2For details of how these key indicators were automatically derived from the article, see Figure 3Projection of the structure of (I) on to the bc plane.
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