AIM:To investigate the association of fatty liver and smoking on metabolic syndrome and its components. METHODS:This cross-sectional study enrolled participants who attended annual health screening at Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital from January to December 2005. A total of 3455 (1981 men and 1474 women) subjects were included in final analyses. Fatty liver was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography by trained gastroenterologists. The modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ was used to define metabolic syndrome. The associations between smoking, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS:Subjects with fatty liver, and who smoked tobacco, had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for high waist circumference [OR, 4.5 (95% CI: 3.3-6.1), P < 0.05], hypertriglyceridemia [OR, 8.1 (95% CI: 6.0-10.9), P < 0.05], low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [OR, 8.3 (95% CI: 6.1-11.3), P < 0.05], and metabolic syndrome [OR, 9.5 (95% CI: 6.7-13.4), P < 0.05] compared to subjects without fatty liver who did not smoke tobacco. We also found that the ORs for hypertriglyceridemia, low serum HDL-C, and metabolic syndrome for subjects with fatty liver who smoked tobacco had greater than the sum of the ORs for subjects with fatty liver who did not smoke plus those who did not have fatty liver and who did smoke.CONCLUSION: Fatty liver and smoking had a synergistic effect on metabolic syndrome and its components, especially for hypertriglyceridemia and low serum HDL-C.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fatty liver (FL), abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 3058 adults who underwent health examinations in 2005 were enrolled. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Educational Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The relationship between FL, abdominal obesity, and MetS was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The authors found that participants with FL alone [FL(+)/abdominal obesity(-)] had a significantly higher odds ratio for hyperglycemia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-3.3), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.6-3.0), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.6-3.2) and a clustering of MetS components (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.8-3.4) compared with participants with only abdominal obesity [FL(-)/abdominal obesity(+)]. Participants who had FL and abdominal obesity [FL(+)/abdominal obesity(+)] had the highest odds ratio for developing MetS and its components. It is concluded that FL is associated with the components of MetS independent of abdominal obesity. For nonabdominally obese patients, FL provides important information on MetS.
Objective Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is closely associated with adverse coronary artery events and mortality. Measuring the extent of CAC can lead to the early diagnosis of coronary artery atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the association between the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ratio, ApoB, and CAC and compared the usefulness of the LDL-C/ApoB ratio and ApoB for diagnosing CAC. Methods A total of 10 357 subjects who underwent self-paid health checkups from July 2006 to May 2016 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The extension of CAC was assessed using a coronary artery calcium score with electron-beam computed tomography. Subjects who had an Agatston calcium score >0 were defined as having CAC, whereas those with a score ≥400 were defined as having severe CAC. Low LDL-C/ApoB ratios were used to represent the predominance of small, dense LDL-C. Results The prevalence of subjects with coronary calcification increased with the quartile values of ApoB levels and low quartile values of LDL-C/ApoB ratios. The odds ratios for CAC and severe CAC were 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2–3.9] and 4.4 (95% CI, 3.3–5.9) among the highest quartile of ApoB compared with the lowest quartile, and 9.5 (95% CI, 8.3–10.9) and 103.0 (95% CI, 56.9–187.8) among the lowest quartile of LDL-C/ApoB ratios compared with the highest quartile. The areas under the curve of ApoB and LDL-C/ApoB ratio for the diagnosis of CAC and severe CAC were 0.591 versus 0.679 and 0.618 versus 0.787, respectively. The LCL-C/ApoB ratio was superior to ApoB in terms of diagnosing subjects with CAC and severe CAC. Conclusion The LDL-C/ApoB ratio is a superior indicator to ApoB in the diagnosis of subjects with CAC, it can be conveniently used to improve the diagnostic ability of ApoB for CAC.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.