SPT is a rare tumor that behaves less aggressively than other pancreatic tumor. However, in cases with local invasion, long-term follow up is advisable.

Older patients with a high white cell count are more likely to have severe gallbladder complications. In these patients, earlier surgical intervention should be considered if the sonographic findings support the diagnosis of AAC.

The use of three key typical endoscopic appearances--exophytic growth, a wart-like shape, and vessel crossing on the lesion surface under NBI--has a promising positive predictive value of 88.2%. This diagnostic triad is useful for the endoscopic diagnosis of SPE.

The findings and incidences of complication of ERCP in different elderly cohorts were similar. Underlying malignancy seemed to bear some relation to early mortality after the ERCP procedure.

Our findings suggest OPN is associated with esophageal tumorigenesis and progression, but not patients' survival.