This article presents an analysis of data from a critical qualitative study with 14 skilled black African migrant nurses, which document their experiences of nurse-to-nurse racism and racial prejudice in Australian nursing workplaces. Racism generally and nurse-to-nurse racism specifically, continues to be under-researched in explorations of these workplaces; when racism is researched, the focus is nurse-to-patient racism and racial prejudice. Similarly, research on the experiences of migrant nurses from a variety of ethnicities in Australia has tended to neglect their experiences of the social dynamics of the workplace, thus reinforcing their racialisation. When racialised, the migrant nurse becomes 'the problem' through a focus on English language competency and ensuing communication barriers. This paper applies Essed's framework of 'everyday racism' to theorise narratives of racism by black African migrant nurses in Australia. In so doing, it not only brings to the fore silenced discussions of nurse-to-nurse racism in Australia, but also exposes the subtle, mundane nature of contemporary racism. For this reason, while the data we present must be read within their context, that is, the Australian nursing workplace, it has significance for advancing a critical analysis of racialised minority groups' experiences of racism within seemingly 'race-less' nursing workplaces internationally.

There is a significant gap between the rhetoric of policy and the implementation of Nurse Practitioner roles in rural and remote Australia. Whilst policy supports the notion of autonomy, the experiences of nurses indicate a mere shift in the traditionally-accepted boundaries of nurses' roles. Evidence from the United Kingdom and United States of America suggests that the findings in this study are relevant internationally as well as nationally.

This paper reports on a qualitative, critical study into the lives of relatives and partners of people living with enduring effects of schizophrenia. A review of the literature showed that caregivers and relatives of sufferers were seldom asked about their experiences, instead they were subject to blame or criticism regarding their parental or caregiving practices. Caregivers of people with schizophrenia were interviewed in order to reveal their experience of caring for their kin after a medication change to atypical neuroleptics. The interview analysis was compared with mental health professional literature, using a Foucauldian approach to reveal the operation of language and power in the positioning of caregivers. This analysis was then compared to the talk of the caregivers. Similarities and differences in their ways of talking about caring were identified. Caregivers spoke of protracted periods of time before the establishment of a definite diagnosis, ambivalence about medication and 'never giving up'. The paper concludes that life for caregivers is constituted as doubly problematic, experiencing stigma personally and vicariously through their kin.

The work nurses undertake at night, and the demanding organizational and clinical environments where they do this are uniquely related to the time of day that this work occurs. The Nurses' Night Work model deconstructs the established binary considerations of the lives and bodies of workers to permit a 24/7-based consideration of nurses' night work and its frequently unacknowledged relationship with the day work required of the same nurses when working a rapidly but randomly rotating shift work schedule.

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How to talk to doctors -a guide for effective communication. International Nursing Review 58, 13-20Background: Nurses and doctors undertake segregated and distinct preparation for clinical practice, yet are expected to communicate effectively with each other in the workplace. Most healthcare facilities have policies relating to written communication, but guidelines for verbal communication, which is used most in times of uncertainty and urgency, are generally less regulated. Poor communication and communication overload are shown to have a direct correlation with patient outcomes, adverse events and stressors among healthcare professionals. We suggest a guide for more effective verbal communication between nurses and doctors. Methods: We perform an integrated review of the extensive literature that identifies specific problems that contribute to ineffective communication between a doctor and nurse. We discuss these in five themes in the modern clinical context including intensification of workload, workforce mobility, differing perceptions, language use and heuristics. To combat these, we provide a four point practical guide to arm the nurse clinician with effective tools to ensure a satisfactory exchange of information in the context of patient advocacy. Conclusions:The guide assists in overcoming the discussed barriers by creating a premise for fostering communication, understanding each clinician's information needs in a mutually respectful manner, especially in the context of uncertainty. We recommend that a shared mental model regarding communication in health be adopted at tertiary institutions offering pre-registration nursing and medical training and techniques and be woven into respective curriculum design. IntroductionWorking with others effectively in healthcare is a challenge. Sound communication and effective relationships with all those involved in the patient's care has an impact on nursing practice, patient care and how nurses feel about themselves (Sweet & Norman 1995). As such, nurse and doctor colleagues are together responsible in providing high quality, safe care. As a component of this, throughout the care processes, it is essential to ensure communication occurs on several levels; nurse to patient and family/carers, nurse to nurse and nurse to medical staff. Harmonious relationships with patients, between healthcare providers/ team members, the organization, and the community are known to be dependent on effective communication (Kelly 2005). On

In contemporary Western society, infertility has the capacity to impact greatly on couples, emotionally and socially. In the face of such infertility, couples are able to seek assisted reproductive technologies to assist in the pursuit of biological parenthood. These technologies are not infallible though, and the likelihood of success remains small. Therefore it is inevitable that some couples will remain childless, and this has been associated with grief and adversity. Findings present the narratives of participant couples' through and beyond the many adversities encountered due to remaining childless despite infertility treatment. Regardless of theories that seek to pathologise couples experiencing this type of adversity, participant couples demonstrated resilience in redirecting their energies into areas of their lives where they could achieve positive outcomes. This research highlights the importance of caring for couples rather than individuals undergoing infertility treatment. It provides support for approaches that foster couples' relationships with the aim of promoting individuals' resilience.