The concept of contaminated sediment treatment producing a useful product has emerged in recent years, motivated by the cost of sediment disposal and by recognition of sediment as a resource rather than a waste. Contaminated sediment presents unique challenges for treatment, however, due to the character and complexity of the matrix, and the logistics and economics involved in coupling the process with a dredging operation. The objectives of this document are to capture the technical status of several promising treatment technologies of this type, to describe the process efficiency in terms of mass balance, to understand pre-treatment and posttreatment processing requirements, and to estimate full scale implementation costs at a scale compatible with a dredging operation. Overall, the document overlays a consistent and transparent structure on the comparative evaluation with the objective of providing an equivalent basis for comparison between these and other candidate treatment processes, such that it has utility of remediation to project managers and others engaged in technology selection efforts. Relying on publicly available demonstration reports, the following technologies were evaluated in depth: JCI/Upcycle rotary kiln thermal treatment/light-weight aggregate (LWA); Cement-Lock ® technology/cement; Minergy ® glass furnace technology/glass aggregate; and BioGenesis SM sediment washing process/manufactured soil. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

Growing constraints on conventional dredged material disposal are motivating movement toward more sustainable alternatives. Given the lack of universal beneficial use criteria, even the low levels of contaminants typically found in navigation channel sediments may limit or preclude their beneficial use. Intensive treatment to remove or destroy contaminants in such sediments is typically too costly to be a viable alternative within the context of navigation dredging; economical, lowtech sediment and water treatment processes are needed. Recent developments in the area of sediment treatment were assessed through an extensive literature search, and promising technologies were identified. Potentially high value research areas were also identified, to inform subsequent bench and pilot testing. Geochemical contaminant controls and modeling, passive water treatment methods for colloid and ammonia removal, H2S controls, in-CDF biodegradation, aerobic/anaerobic composting, phase-specific physical separation, low temperature thermal treatment, reactive geobags, and coupled geochemical/stabilization process modeling were areas identified as deserving of additional research investment. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

Guidance relevant to the maintenance and restoration of coastal salt marshes in the face of sea level rise is limited and sometimes conflicting; an understanding of ecological considerations and best management practices are needed to inform restoration and management that is appropriate, timely, successful, and sustainable. A literature search was conducted to assess the severity of current and projected impacts of sea level rise on salt marshes throughout the coastal regions of the United States, to identify other stressors contributing to relative sea level rise, to assess and consolidate current practices in marsh management, and to identify knowledge gaps that are impediments to development of consistent best management practices for restoring or maintaining marshes exhibiting degradation due to relative sea level rise. Literature identified in this search is synthesized, organized by stressor type, relevant metrics, management actions, and adaptive management. The citations are presented in such a way as to be easily utilized by managers of marshes degraded by relative sea level rise. The results of this literature search will inform data acquisition efforts to address data gaps and uncertainties necessary to support development of a holistic approach to identifying, sustaining, and restoring impacted marsh areas. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

The Environmental Evaluation and Management of Dredged Material for Beneficial Use: A Regional Beneficial Use Testing Manual for the Great Lakes (a.k.a. Great Lakes Beneficial Use Testing Manual) is a resource document providing technical guidance for evaluating the suitability of dredged sediment for beneficial use in aquatic and terrestrial environments in the Great Lakes region. The procedures in this manual are based on the Environmental Laboratory extensive research, working with US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Great Lakes districts, state resource agencies, and local stakeholders seeking to develop dredged material beneficial use alternatives consistent with regional needs and goals. This manual is the first guidance document developed by USACE for evaluating the environmental suitability of dredged material specifically for beneficial use placements. It provides a tiered framework for evaluating the environmental suitability of aquatic and upland beneficial uses consistent with the Inland Testing Manual and the Upland Testing Manual. This manual is intended to serve as a regional platform to increase collaborative problem-solving and endorse a common understanding of the scientific and institutional practices for evaluating dredged material for any beneficial use. Dredged sediment may be managed as a valuable resource, with great potential to create economic, environmental, and social benefits.

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