Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally produced organic molecule which acts as an antioxidant agent, including in skin anti-ageing, and plays a major role in the social determinants of health. However, its level in the body will decrease during ageing. Therefore, an external supplement is required to repair damaged skin, especially the skin dermis layer. This study aims to evaluate the use of a protransfersomal emulgel to improve the skin delivery and stability of CoQ10 which demonstrates low water solubility, poor permeability and instability. CoQ10 was initially dissolved in oleic acid at a weight ratio of 1:56. Protransfersome was then loaded with CoQ10 (Protransf-CoQ10) and prepared using a composition of L-α-Phosphatidylcholine and Tween 80 at a molar ratio of 85:15. The Protransf-CoQ10 was dispersed in an emulgel base consisting of Tween 80 and Span 80 to produce Protransf-CoQ10 emulgel. The in vivo studies of anti-aging activity and irritability were further evaluated by applying daily 200 mg of emulgels twice a day to a 4 cm2 section on the back of a UV-ray aging-induced male Balb/c mouse 20 min before irradiation. The results showed that Protransf-CoQ10 could transform into transfersomal vesicles with particle sizes of approximately 201.5 ± 6.1 nm and a zeta potential of − 11.26 ± 5.14 mV. The dispersion of Protransf-CoQ10 into emulgel base resulted in stable Protransf-CoQ10 Emulgel during 28 days of observation at low temperatures. Moreover, the in vivo study revealed that Protransf-CoQ10 Emulgel successfully increases the collagen density and number of fibroblast cells in UV radiation skin-aged induced-mice which reflects its potential for repairing the skin ageing process. In addition, the 24-h topical application of Protransf-CoQ10 Emulgel showed that no erythema or skin rash was observed during the study. In conclusion, loading CoQ10 into protransfersomal Emulgel successfully enhanced the stability and anti-ageing efficacy enabling its potential use as anti-ageing cosmetics.
Pendahuluan: Minyak nilam memiliki efek antioksidan dan peningkat penetrasi. Minyak tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan efektivitas produk sleeping mask dengan Koenzim Q10 (KoQ10) yang dimuat dalam Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) sebagai kosmetik anti-penuaan. Tujuan: Membandingkan karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik dari NLC-KoQ10 yang dimuat dalam sleeping mask dengan dan tanpa minyak nilam. Metode: Preparasi NLC-KoQ10 menggunakan metode High Shear Homogenization. NLC-KoQ10 dicampur dengan hydrogel dan minyak nilam, untuk F2. Sedangkan untuk F1 tanpa minyak nilam. Setelah itu diamati karakteristik dan stabilitas fisiknya yang meliputi organoleptik, pH, dan viskositas. Uji stabilitas fisik diamati pada suhu ruang selama 90 hari. Hasil: Uji karakteristik fisik menunjukkan bahwa F1 memiliki bau seperti oleum cacao, sedangkan F2 memiliki bau khas minyak nilam dan sedikit bau seperti oleum cacao. F1 memiliki nilai pH 6,036 ± 0,011, sedangkan F2 memiliki nilai pH 6,062 ± 0,020. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Namun, F1 dan F2 memiliki nilai viskositas yang berbeda. F1 memiliki nilai viskositas 199,2 ± 0,7 cp, sedangkan F2 memiliki nilai viskositas 175,6 ± 7,9 cp. Uji stabilitas fisik menunjukkan bahwa F1 dan F2 memiliki skala nilai pH berkisar 6,055 - 6,336 dan viskositas 175,6 - 239,7 cp. Nilai viskositas F1 mengalami peningkatan setelah hari ke-60, sedangkan F2 pada hari ke-90. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uji karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik dapat disimpulkan bahwa F1 dan F2 memiliki bau dan viskositas yang berbeda, dan F2 lebih stabil daripada F1.
Background: Quercetin is a flavonoid compound that has anti-inflammation activity. However, poor stability presents significant problems for the formulation into dosage forms. Microspheres are one of the potential lung delivery systems because of their ability to encapsulate various types of drugs, protect drugs from environmental effects and can release drugs in a sustained release. Objective: In the present study, the microsphere inhalation system of the anti-inflammation drug, quercetin was developed and evaluated to achieving the targeted delivery of these drugs to the lung. Method: The drug-loaded ca-alginate microspheres were prepared by aerosolization ionic gelation technique followed by freeze-drying. Result: The result of this study showed that particle size was less than 2 µm, the yield ranged from 41.33-76.14%, drug loading was less than 6%, entrapment efficiency ranged from 74.153% - 93.805% and flow properties showed that all formula had an excellent flow. Spherical microspheres were demonstrated by formulations containing 1 and 1.5% sodium alginate. A drug release study showed that the highest drug release of 30.649% was from the formulation with 2.5% sodium alginate, and the lowest drug release of 26.625% was from the formulation with 2% sodium alginate. , A stability study at temperatures of 25ᵒC and 40ᵒC for 28 days showed a decrease in drug loading and entrapment efficiency but an increase in particle size. The formulation containing 1.5% sodium alginate showed the optimal formula. Conclusion: These findings indicated that quercetin ca-alginate microspheres are the potential for inhalation to be delivered to the lung.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different concentration of carboxymethyl chitosan and curcumin on physical characteristics and wound healing activity of carboxymethyl chitosan-curcumin hydrogel. Hydrogels were prepared using carbomer as a gelling agent and TEA was added to neutralize the carbomer hydrogel in order to make it swell. The obtained hydrogels were evaluated for its physical characterization such as organoleptic, viscosity, spreadability, drying time, pH, and wound healing activity on the burned wound in Wistar rats. The results showed that higher concentration of carboxymethyl chitosan significantly reduces viscosity and pH while its spreadability and drying time are significantly increased. Curcumin only affected two out of five physical characteristics: organoleptic and pH. Higher concentration of curcumin reduces its pH but statistical analysis showed no interaction between carboxymethyl chitosan and curcumin. The wound healing activity in Wistar rats with 2nd degree burn wound model indicates that carboxymethyl chitosan-curcumin hydrogel can significantly improve wound healing activity in rats compared to control group. Higher concentration of carboxymethyl chitosan can affect the physical characteristics of carboxymethyl chitosan-curcumin hydrogel i.e. a decrease in viscosity and pH, as well as an increase in spreadability and drying time. On the other hand, higher concentration of curcumin only affected the pH of the preparation. In the wound healing activity test, macroscopic observation showed that the combination of carboxymethyl chitosan-curcumin significantly increased the wound healing activity of 2nd degree burn in Wistar rats. However, the use of this hydrogel preparation statistically did not give significant improvement in wound healing process when compared with G1, G2, G3, G4, and positive control. Based on histopathology test results, it can be concluded that after 14 days of treatment the value of collagen deposition and PMN between groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and positive control and intergroup replication (1, 2, 3, 4, and positive controls) are in uniformity which indicates that the wound has undergone healing process. In addition, the four groups possess better results than negative controls which didn’t receive any treatment.
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