Accident generally occurs due to the activities which is done in unsafe conditions or even unsafe behavior. These conditions can influence workers productivity. In batik industries, those workers use toxic material and work in non ergonomic atmosphere. Moreover, they also do not care of the environment and do not use personal protective equipments (PPE). Workers at Madura batik SMEs have not fully realized the significancy of the occupational health and safety (OHS) in their working areas. Therefore, the aims of this research is to evaluate OHS performance based on the indicators of safety performance index (SPI), which is multicriteria, in that industri. The safety performance attributes were obtained from the factor analysis. The index is calculated based on the weighted evaluation results of critical behavior checklist (CBC), integrated with analytical hierarchy process (AHP). As the results, we should give priority to improve the knowledge and experience toward OHS of the workers and also improve the working environment of the Madura's batik industries. Additionally, the performance of OHS in coloring process is also on the threshold of unsafe condition, further development on the coloring process is needed.Keywords: Safety behavior, OHS, creative industry, SPI, CBC, AHP. PendahuluanPotensi bahaya kerja (hazard) selalu ada diseluruh rangkaian aktifitas pekerjaan (Makin dan Winder [1]), demikian halnya dengan pekerja di Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) Batik Tulis Madura. Pada proses pembuatan batik, pekerja harus berhadapan dengan banyaknya potensi bahaya kerja baik yang dipicu oleh kondisi kerja yang tidak aman (unsafe condition), aktifitas yang tidak aman (unsafe action) ataupun bahkan prilaku tidak aman (unsafe behavior) seperti rasa panas yang didapatkan dari tungku pembakaran saat proses pewarnaan dan proses pembuatan motif dengan malam, posisi kerja yang tidak ergonomis, serta kontak dengan bahan kimia dan bahan pewarna yang digunakan yang notabene menggunakan zat pewarna tekstil yang berbahaya (Agustina dan Maulana [2]).Penelitian terkait fasilitas kerja IKM batik (Agusti [3]) menyebutkan bahwa ruang dan peralatan kerja yang digunakan selama proses pembatikan di IKM pada umumnya masih terkategori tidak ergonomis. Hal ini disebabkan oleh fasilitas kerja yang tidak mempertimbangkan kebutuhan kapasitas kemampuan kerja pekerja. Hal ini disebabkan oleh fasilitas kerja yang tidak mempertimbangkan kebutuhan kapasitas kemampuan kerja pekerja, misalnya tempat duduk, gawangan dan lingkungan kerja kerja fisik seperti tingkat pencahayaan, suhu dan kondisi lingkungan 1 Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Program Studi Teknik Industri, Universitas Trunojoyo, Jl. Raya Telang, PO Box 2, Bangkalan Madura 69192, Indonesia.
Salt is one of the basic needs of Indonesian society. The salt production areas in Indonesia reach 37.4 thousand hectares, but the potential areas are merely around 53.2%. People's salt production has only been able to meet the need for households' daily consumption, while the industrial need is met from imports. The people's salt production needs to be increased to maintain the sustainability of salt farmers' business. Salt farmers require training about the strategies to improve the quality of salt production, manage finished products, and run the salt business independently. Studies on the analysis of the sustainability of people's salt business, particularly in terms of entrepreneurship aspect, are limited. Therefore, this present study analyzes the sustainability of people's salt business entrepreneurship with three triple bottom line criteria: people, planet, and profit. This study aims to formulate the framework of business strategies suitable for the condition of the salt business. The framework is constructed from the factors synthesized from the literature on previous studies. The results of this study are expected to be implemented by the government and business actors in making a decision and setting policies to determine the strategies for maintaining SMEs' salt business sustainability. This study applied the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method to determine the rating of the factors contributing to the continuity of the SMEs' salt business. The factors underlying sustainable entrepreneurship were identified from the literature studies based on the triple bottom line concept adapted to the conditions in Madura. The criteria of people include collaborative development, risk seizing, and innovative thinking, while the requirements of the planet cover eco-friendly packaging and waste controlling. Profit was seen from the aspects of government policy and unsettled finance. Then, the TOPSIS analysis was applied to analyze strategies based on the highest performance score. The results of data analysis show that government policy has the highest score as an alternative, and implementation of an e-supply chain is the strategy with the highest-ranking performance score.
This study discussed virtual enterprise in Batik’s Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The capacity of SMEs in accessing potential markets was a problem that often faced. There were many SMEs, which have not been able to export products overseas. They only sold their products in the domestic market. Marketing promotion was the cause of recognition and capabilities lacking. In this study discussed about E-commerce for SMEs which applied Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Consumer (B2C). This research used several tools for modelling processes which were represented by Use Case Diagrams and Activity Diagrams. The results of this study were the form of an enterprise virtual model that was applied become E-commerce. This e-commerce implemented B2B in two levels of admin system, which were super admin managed by the cooperative service and ordinary admin managed by several local SMEs. The virtual enterprise model, which implemented business to costumer, could be seen through the form of shopping transactions or online trading on websites
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