Economic indicators 4.2 Environmental indicators 4.3 Social indicators 5 Results of program implementation 5.1 'Sustainable forest management and development' program 5.2 'Protection, biodiversity conservation and development of forest environmental services' program 5.3 'Wood processing and forest product trade' program 5.4 'Research, education, training and forestry extension' program 5.5 'Institutional reform, policy, planning and monitoring' program 6 Results of resource mobilization for implementation of the strategy 7 Lessons learned from implementation of the Forestry Development Strategy 2006-2020 8 Recommendations for development of the 2021-2030 strategy, with a vision until 2050 8.1 Global forestry development trends 8.2 Local proposals for future forestry development 8.3 Multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approach References Appendix 1 List of forestry policies and laws made during 2006-2020We would like to express sincere thanks to Nguyen Thuy Anh and Nguyen Van Anh for assisting us in the research process.
Many tropical countries have achieved economic growth at the expense of converting their forests. Some of those countries have prospered and now have the resources and the will to restore some of the lost forest cover. Others remain impoverished despite converting forests. They, too, rely on rehabilitation to continue to gain benefits from their forests. Forest rehabilitation is not a new phenomenon. But as tropical forest conversion continues seemingly unabated, rehabilitating degraded landscapes is likely to become more and more important. Countries-individually or collectively-will increasingly turn to rehabilitation to undo the negative consequences of diminishing forest cover. Countries that had or still have large forested areas, like Brazil, Indonesia and China, have initiated programs meant to restore millions of hectares. Forest rehabilitation is a major concern for the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and its partners. Future benefits from forests will in many places only be assured if forests can be successfully rehabilitated. Downstream water quality and flows, biodiversity conservation, raw material supply and forest-based income for the poor will depend on it. CIFOR has, since its beginning, undertaken research programs and projects that address forest rehabilitation. This report is one of six emerging from the study 'Review of forest rehabilitation: Lessons from the past'. This study attempted to capture the rich but underutilized experiences of many years of forest rehabilitation in Brazil, China, Indonesia, Peru, the Philippines and Vietnam, and make this information available to guide ongoing and future rehabilitation efforts. We present this and the other five study reports in the hope that the lessons they contain will be relevant for people who are concerned about tropical forests, and that as a result societies will continue to enjoy the benefits that tropical forests provided before there was a need to rehabilitate them. The six-country study was carried out with generous contributions from the Government of Japan. The study on Vietnam would not have been possible without the generous help of many. In particular we thank members of collaborating agencies x in Vietnam, and participants at two meetings that were held in Hanoi to provide input into the study. We also thank the many people who patiently provided information during interviews, and Kristen Evans, Unna Chokkalingam and Takeshi Toma for critically reviewing an earlier draft of the report. Markku Kanninen Director, Environmental Services and Sustainable Use of Forests Programme CIFOR As tropical countries across the globe have grown increasingly concerned about the consequences of forest conversion, they are attempting to reverse the trend. Worldwide efforts to 'rehabilitate' tropical forests have accelerated. Although largely a recent phenomenon, many tropical countries had already started forest rehabilitation during the first half of the 20 th century. The true era of forest rehabilitation, however, began in the...
Aiming to reduce GHG emissions in order to limit and prevent climate change response in Vietnam, decree 99/2010/ND-CP about payment for forest environmental services (PFES) went into effect since Jan 2011. After years of implementation, the policy has brought positive impacts and mobilized remarkable financial resources for forest management, protection and development and also improve living standard of people whose lives depend on the forest. However, until now PFES has focused on target sectors of clean water and tourism; other potential sectors such as industrial companies, have not been applied. This research aims to identify opportunities and challenges of Carbon PFES from industrial companies that have been causing large GHGs emission. Quang Ninh and Thanh Hoa – the two largest provinces in Vietnam are selected to collect data and estimate GHG emissions from coal-fired thermal power plants and cement plants; and also to identify sequestration capacity of forest-based C services that are providing boundary in the two provinces. As the result, average emission factors for pulverized coal, circulating fluidized bed and rotary kiln technology were 1.05 tCO2/MWh, 1.11 tCO2/MWh and 0.85 tCO2/ton of clinker, respectively. In 2018, total CO2 emissions from thermal power and cement industry in Thanh Hoa and Quang Ninh were 11,395,545 tCO2, and 31,938,232 tCO2, respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 absorption capacity of all forest types in these two provinces were 4,302,474 tCO2 and 3,191,060 tCO2, respectively. It means about 38% of CO2 emitted in the year from these industries can be absorbed by the forests in Thanh Hoa and about only 10% of that can be absorbed by the forests in Quang Ninh. It is also found that more than 17% of CO2 yearly emitted from both industries can be absorbed by the forests in both provinces. This research proposes scope of Carbon-PFES for the industrial sectors in Vietnam that meet GHG emission reduction targets.
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