The result depicts that based on intra-linguistic analysis, English, and Indonesian idioms which contain gender discourse are in the forms of noun, phrases, Sub-clause, Simple sentence, Elliptical sentence, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex sentences. Based on the meaning and reference analysis, it is known that such idioms have various meanings: strength and weaknesses, success, marriage, sexuality, negative things, and wisdom. Besides, seen from the doer, the idioms can refer to men, women, and men and/or women. Based on CriticalDiscourse Analysis (CDA), such idioms can be analyzed based on the aspects of action, context, history, power, ideology and representation, which, then, are known that: (a) men are assumed as representative in various affairs and things (esp. in success and goodness); (b) men are active in marriage and sexuality; (c) women take more part in domestic domain; (d) women become negative metaphor; and (e) there is unequal relationship between womenand men.
When students have good level of speed, critical and creative reading abilities, they will easily understand scientific knowledge and able to understand big volume of reading sources. However, most of teaching reading are dominated with conventional methods emphasizing on reading with question-and-answer. For the reasons, this study explores how do reading skills for speed, critical, and creative interrelate to one another, what specific techniques can be applied to enhance the level of students’ speed, critical, and creative reading abilities, and how were the three readings skills interrelation and connected to Foreign Language Learning theories. The research design was classroom action research with the participants of 35 students from English Literature Study Program. Two types of data: quantitative and qualitative were gained by using test and non-test. They were analysed descriptively by using interactive data analysis consisting of reduction, presentation, and verification. The data showed that students’ speed, critical, and creative reading abilities were still under standard but after the treatments, they made improvement. Their speed, critical and creative reading abilities reached standard scores. There is interrelation among speed, critical, and creative reading abilities. While integrating them in the reading class, students’ level of reading skills enhanced. They could employ speed-reading strategies to quickly comprehend the texts before engaging in critical and creative reading. In critical reading, students could optimize their ability in questioning, problematizing and not passively follow the information given by the authors. Yet, students can read the text by optimizing their imagination in understanding the text information.
This research aimed to analyze the types, meanings, and functions of figurative language in the Korean boy groups NCT and EXO song lyrics.This research is included in qualitative research. The data in the research are in the form of words and sentences in the song lyrics of the Korean boy group NCT and EXO. The method of collecting data is the document study method by Sugiyono (2016). Then the approach uses a stylistic approach and the method of analyzing data uses the first method by Leech and Short (1981) that focuses on the figure of speech.The results of this research show that 14 (fourteen) figurative languages are found in the selected songs. There are 2 (two) personifications, 8 (eight) hyperbole, 1 (one) metonymy, 1 (one) irony, and 2 (two) symbols. In total, there are 14 (fourteen) figurative languages found in 2 (two) NCT songs and 1 (one) EXO song. And this research found the functions of figurative language according to Perrine. The functions are to produce imaginative pleasure, to produce additional images so that abstract things become concrete and can be enjoyed by readers, to increase the intensity of the author's feelings in conveying meaning and attitude, and to concentrate the meaning to be conveyed and ways to convey something in short language.
This research aims to identify and describe the discourse structures and analyze the representation of Satanism found in the lyrics of the selected songs of Alan Walker. The researcher used the Critical Discourse Analysis approach by Teun van Dijk to determine Satanism in these songs. Three elements are used in this analysis, namely the discourse structure, social cognition, and social context. This research found that there are elements of discourse structure, whether explaining the micro-structure, superstructure, or macro-structure, always address Satanism’s idea. The social cognition aspect found that the social condition influences Satanism's notion in the Alan Walker songs in Norway, where Alan Walker lives open to Satanism. It can be seen from the analysis of model and memory. The analysis of model in Alan Walker's song can be influenced by the social conditions around him. The analysis of memory shows how his personal experience affects the songs he produces. The last aspect in this research is the social context which analyse the power and access to know the idea of Satanism in the songs. The analysis of power found that Satanism has a strong dominance in Norway, as seen from several works such as books, films, and music with the theme of Satanism. Then, the analysis of access found that the satanic people managed to control several media in Norway.
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