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Convalescent plasma therapy (CP) has long been used to prevent and treat various infectious diseases before COVID-19 such as SARS, MERS, and H1N1. Because the viral and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 share the similarities between SARS and MERS, CP treatment could be a promising treatment option to save COVID-19. With only low quality medical evidence, but massive media support and a very significant public demand for the use of convalescent plasma for COVID-19, we are now faced with an ethical dilemma. Therefore, this paper uses a structured analysis that focuses on the preferred reporting items for a systematic review of ethical issues regarding the use of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for COVID-19. The use of convalescent plasma must meet the ethical principles of autonomy; such as voluntary, informed consent, and confidentiality. Consideration of the risk-benefit ratio for potential donor recipients also needs to be considered in order to meet the beneficence and non-maleficence principles. The principle of justice also needs to be applied both to donors, donor recipients and health workers, such as determining the priority of donor recipients, due to the increasing demand for convalescent plasma amid the limited circumstances of patients who have recovered from Covid-19 who voluntarily donate.

Sea urchins is the member of Echinoidea. This species can be found in tropical marine water to the poles. The study aimed to know the types, the abundance and spread of sea urchins in Bengkayang Regency. The research, used the transect method. Each station consisted of 3 transects with a length of 50 meters from the shore into the sea with the distance of 10 meters among the transects. This research obtained five species consisting of three species of the Diadema (genus) and two species of the Echinotrix (genus) i.e. Diadema antillarium, D. savignyi, D. setosum, Echinotrix calamaris and E. deadema. The density of sea urchins in Lemukutan Island ranges from 273 -453 ind/Ha. The Density of sea urchins on Penata Kecil island ranges from 167 -347 ind / Ha and on Penata Besar Island has a range from 307 -387 ind/Ha. The highest diversity of sea urchins was found in Penata Kecil Island of (1.2355). The distribution of sea urchins in Lemukutan and Penata Besar Island was categorized into clumped and evenly distributed, while the distribution of sea urchin on Penata Kecil Island is included in the clustered and random categories. Distribution of sea urchins on the island is influenced by several factors such as sea water waves and food contained in the environment.

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Abstract. Yanti AH, Setyawati TR, Kurniatuhadi R. 2020. Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from fecal pellets, coelomic fluid, and gastrointestinal tract of Nypa worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4726-4731. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract as probiotic could be beneficial because they could trigger the growth of the host by enhancing digestibility, increasing their immune system, and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria through the enzymatic process or metabolites production. The purposes of this study were to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria from fecal pellets, coelomic fluid, and gastrointestinal tract of Nypa worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde). Bacterial isolation was carried out by the pour plate method on de Mann Rogosa Sharp Agar (MRSA). Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates were purified and then physiologically characterized by some biochemical tests. Cellulolytic activities were carried out by detecting a clear zone formation on CMC-congo Red Agar. There were 20 isolates of lactic acid bacteria from fecal pellets, coelom fluid, and gastrointestinal tract of nypa worm. Ten isolates (50%) had cellulolytic activity on CMC-phenol red agar. Eight isolates were closely related to the genus Lactobacillus, while two isolates were closely related to the genus Bacillus. These cellulolytic bacteria could be developed further as probiotic in Nypa worm feed.

<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">The common goldfish <em>Carassius auratus auratus</em> is an ornamental freshwater fish species with  high market value. The market value of ornamental fish can be determined through some parameters, one of them is brightness of the fish scales. Brightness level may be enhanced by supplementing plant powder containing carotenoid into fish diet. The purpose of this research was to examine the scale brightness level of common goldfish fed diet supplemented with <em>Sargassum</em> sp. and pumpkin powder, and to determine the dose of those powders that allows higher brightness level of scale.  The feed of common goldfish was supplemented with either <em>Sargassum</em> sp. or pumpkin powder at the doses of 10, 20 and 30%, and without supplementation as control. Fishes were reared for 75 days and fed diet at feeding rate of 5% biomass daily. The results of ANOVA test showed that the <em>Sargassum </em>sp. and pumpkin mill addition on food significantly improved of scales brightness of  common goldfish. Increasing supplementation levels of <em>Sargassum</em> sp. and pumpkin powder increased brightness level of scale. The highest improvement in brightness was the fish that fed by 30% concentration of <em>Sargassum </em>sp. flour with the value scale of brightness was 2.67 and the total number of 2,890.67 chromatophore cells. The results suggest that <em>Sargassum</em> sp. powder is better to improve the brightness level of common goldfish scale.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Keywords: <em>Carassius auratus auratus</em>, <em>Sargassum</em> sp., <em>Cucurbita moschata</em>, carotenoid, brightness</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Ikan komet <em>Carassius auratus auratus</em> merupakan salah satu spesies ikan hias air tawar yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi. Nilai jual ikan hias dapat ditentukan melalui beberapa parameter, salah satunya yaitu kecerahan sisik ikan. Kecerahan sisik ikan dapat ditingkatkan melalui pemberian pakan yang diperkaya karotenoid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji tingkat kecerahan warna sisik ikan komet setelah diberi pakan dengan tambahan tepung <em>Sargassum</em> sp. dan labu kuning, dan menentukan dosis masing-masing tepung tersebut yang memberikan tingkat kecerahan tertinggi pada sisik ikan komet. Pakan ikan komet ditambahkan dengan tepung <em>Sargassum</em> sp. atau tepung labu kuning sebanyak 10, 20 dan 30%, serta tanpa suplementasi sebagai kontrol. Ikan dipelihara selama 75 hari dan diberi pakan uji sebanyak 5% biomassa setiap hari. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung <em>Sargassum</em> sp. dan labu kuning berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan kecerahan sisik ikan komet. Semakin tinggi kadar tepung Sargassum sp. dan labu kuning yang ditambahkan ke pakan, maka semakin tinggi tingkat kecerahan sisik ikan komet. Tingkat kecerahan tertinggi terjadi pada ikan komet yang diberi pakan tambahan berupa tepung <em>Sargassum</em> sp. sebesar  30% dengan nilai kecerahan 2,67 dan jumlah kromatofor sebanyak 2.890,67 sel. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa <em>Sargassum</em> sp. lebih bagus digunakan untuk meningkatkan kecerahan sisik ikan komet daripada labu kuning.</p><p class="NoParagraphStyle"> </p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Carassius auratus auratus</em>, <em>Sargassum</em> sp., <em>Cucurbita moschata</em>, karotenoid, kecerahan</p>

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan biota akuatik yang memiliki komoditas ekonomi dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pesisir mangrove Kecamatan Batu Ampar, sehingga perlu mendapat pengawasan keberadaannya di alam. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah mengetahui kepadatan, pola sebaran, dan mengetahui korelasi karakteristik habitat rajungan dengan kepadatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama bulan Desember 2019-Februari 2020.  Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 stasiun penelitian menggunakan gill net berukuran 4 inchi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis meliputi kepadatan dan pola sebaran. Korelasi karakteristik habitat dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Pengaruh stasiun dan waktu penangkapan dianalisis menggunakan Anova dua jalur. Kepadatan rajungan berkisar 222-2581 ind/km2 dan berbeda selama bulan Desember-Februari. Pola Sebaran pada bulan Desember dan Januari termasuk seragam dan mengelompok, bulan Februari memiliki sebaran seragam dan acak. Stasiun penelitian tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan rajungan, sedangkan waktu penelitian di Pesisir Batu Ampar memberikan pengaruh. Kepadatan populasi rajungan dan pola sebaran rajungan berkorelasi positif terhadap kedalaman, kecerahan, salinitas, pH air, kecepatan arus air, kecepatan angin, suhu air, DO, dan CO2 bebas.

Abstract. Yanti AH, Kurniatuhadi R, Setyawati TR, Ramadani R. 2022. Coelomocyte activity and pathogenicity description of nypa palm worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) after injection with Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 isolated from fecal pellets of nypa palm worm. Biodiversitas 23: 5439-5445. Coelomocytes in the Annelida group play a role in the immune system by recognizing and destroying foreign objects that enter the body. A study of the character and type of nypa palm worm coelomocytes (Polychaetes) can provide an overview of nypa palm worm resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. Thus researchers can determine the resistance of worms during cultivation based on developmental stages. This study aimed to determine the total and differential coelomocytes of nypa palm worms induced by Aeromonas sp. NrBF9, and to describe the pathogenicity of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 against palm worms. Observation of the total number of coelomocytes, differential coelomocytes, and character of coelomocytes was carried out after injecting pathogenic bacteria directly into the body of the nypa palm worm. The bacterial test suspension was divided into three treatments, namely P1 (2.7×107 cells/mL of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9), P2 (3.2×105 cells/mL of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9), and P3 (3.4 × 103 cells/mL of Aeromonas sp. NrBF9). Non-induced worms were used as controls. The treated worms were then incubated for 72 hours. The total number of coelomocytes was calculated using the cubicle count method, whereas differential coelomocytes using the smear method. The pathogenicity of the nypa palm worms was described descriptively by determining the morphology of the nypa palm worms after 72 hours of bacterial injection. The results showed an increase in the total number of coelomocytes of nypa palm worms in all injection treatments with Aeromonas sp. NrBF9. The highest total coelomocyte count was obtained in treatment P1(10-3) of 70.58 x 103 cells/mm3. The number of differential coelomocytes also increased, especially in type II and IV-amoebocyte cells. The description of disease resistance and symptoms of nypa palm worms after being induced by Aeromonas sp. NrBF9 in the form of sores and discoloration of the internodes near the injection site became white and healed on the third day. The description of the type and character of coelomocytes and the resistance of nypa palm worms to pathogens are expected to be the basis for understanding worm cultivation activities in the future.