Background and Aim: Probiotic species have been proven to be beneficial on broiler performance; however, most studies have focused on industrial chickens with fast growth, whereas little information concerning the use of these species on native chickens is available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the mortality, growth rate, and carcass characteristics in native Noi chickens challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Materials and Methods: We divided 420 1-day-old Noi chicks into seven different treatment groups (n = 60): negative control (no S. Typhimurium, no probiotics or antibiotics); positive control (PC, S. Typhimurium infection, no probiotics or antibiotics); and S. Typhimurium infection and supplementation with LP, BS, LP + BS, enrofloxacin, and commercial probiotics, respectively. Treatment was for 96 days, and the chicks were orally challenged with S. Typhimurium at 22 days old. Results: No deaths occurred during the 4 weeks post-infection in the negative control, LP, or LP+BS groups. The PC group had the highest mortality rate (20%). Re-isolation of S. Typhimurium from the liver, spleen, and heart showed reduced bacterial counts at 1 week post-infection in the LP, BS, and LP + BS groups. The lowest body weight gain was observed in the PC group (949 g/bird), and chicks in the LP group gained 1148 g/bird. An improved feed conversion ratio was noted in the groups receiving probiotic supplementation (3.42–3.50 kg feed/kg gain). There was little evidence that probiotics affected carcass percentage and related parameters, such as breast, thigh and drumstick, and wings. Conclusion: Lactobacillus plantarum or BS dietary supplementation to native Noi broilers resulted in a lower mortality rate and improved body weight gain but did not affect carcass characteristics.

Insects are introduced as the largest group of animals in the animal kingdom. There is always a risk of disease outbreaks from insects that greatly affects people's health. Hundreds of thousands of species have been determined, whereas many others remained unnamed and unidentified. This study was carried out to identify the insect species obtained in Mo Cay Bac district, Ben Tre province, Vietnam, and identify the human pathogenic bacteria that parasitize on this insect. The study results showed that the insect carried Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus, two strains of bacteria capable of causing festering wounds; whereas, the antibiotic Gentamicin (10 µg/mL) was shown to be capable of inhibiting Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA fragment of COII gene, the insect species has been identified as a species belonging to the Scatopsidae family, which belongs to complete metamorphosis. Its life cycle lasts 7-8 days and goes through 4 stages, including egg (1 day), larva (3-4 days), pupa (2-3 days), and adult. This insect species carry the biological characteristics of an entirely new insect species.