The number of research on ginger microrhizome production is low, despite awareness of the drawbacks to the traditional method of cultivation and the known health benefits associated with ginger essential oils. We examined the effects of several factors on microrhizome induction in order to create a production protocol for the cultivar found in Hue, Vietnam. To determine the optimal conditions for ginger microrhizome production, different concentrations of sucrose, plant growth regulators, ammonium nitrate, and silver nitrate were investigated. Microrhizome fresh weight and diameter were increased to the maximum values with application of BAP (6-benzyl amino purine), NAA (α- naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), and a low ammonium nitrate concentration, with 0.433 g at 9.03 mm, 0.437 g at 9.73 mm, 0.478 g at 10.80 mm, and 0.449 g at 9.53 mm, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrated that kinetin has an inhibitory effect on microrhizome growth. The biggest microrhizomes were grown on MS media containing the optimal concentrations for each factor – 80 g/L sucrose, 1.9 mg/L AgNO₃, 550 mg/L ammonium nitrate, 4 mg/L BAP, 6 mg/L NAA, and 4 mg/L IBA.

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Electro-hydraulic servo valves (EHSVs) serve as an interface between electrical devices and hydraulic systems. They are capable of converting low power electrical input into movement of a spool to control precisely high power, low speed hydraulic actuators. Nowadays, jet pipe electro-hydraulic servo valve and flapper nozzle electro-hydraulic servo valve are typical two-stage control flow servo valve and are the most popular in use. This paper recommends and compares characteristics, working principle and structure for two kinds of servo valve. Besides, the simulation was carried out in a commercially software of Ansys, hence some features of jet pipe servo valve such as outstanding advantages of working feature or reliability are analysed.

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