Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two water- and foodborne protozoan parasites that can cause diarrheal diseases. Poor microbial quality, sanitation conditions, and hygiene practices at exposure to biogas wastewater are important risk factors for human and animal infection. This study highlights the presence and level of both parasites in the environment in relation to biogas waste reuse in Vietnam. A total of 239 samples were collected from different types of samples in the studied districts in Bac Giang province in 2020 via direct immunofluorescent detection to study the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. (oo)cysts. Among the samples, Cryptosporidium was found in 19 (7.9%) with concentration from 1.104 to 3.105 oocysts/100 mL, while Giardia in 40 (16.7%) with concentration from 1.104 to 2.106 cysts/100 mL, respectively. In detail, the results show that the percentages of positive detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in influent, effluent, sewage canal, and vegetables were 13.1% (11/84), 6.0% (5/83), 15.4% (2/13) and 5.9% (1/17) and 26.2% (22/84), 7.2% (6/83), 7.7% (1/13) and 5.9% (1/17), respectively. The results show a trend of decreasing Cryptosporidium and Giardia densities, without statistical significance. Although these parasites decreased after biogas treatment, the remaining loads observed in biogas effluent can reach the watercourses and soil receiving it. Further investigations are needed to contribute to a general understanding of the risk of protozoan parasites, as well as strategies to control and reduce the contamination of environmental water sources and plants and reduce the burden of the pathogens in biogas wastewater in Vietnam.
This paper aims to analyze the factors affecting customer satisfaction and loyalty when using peer-to-peer (P2P) services, thereby drawing some conclusions for the banking industry. The second objective is to determine whether P2P Fintech and traditional banks should collaborate under current circumstances or if they make for healthy competition, and collaboration is optional. The SEM model, IBM SPSS Statistics 20, and IBM SPSS Amos software are used to process data from an official survey of 254 people who have used P2P Fintech from January 5 to February 23, 2022. The results show that P2P Fintech provides products with a better customer experience, and there is a change in customer payment trends. Therefore, bank managers should create appropriate policies for the sustainable development of their banks that would involve establishing their P2P activity and ensuring their customers’ satisfaction. Commercial banks need to clarify their responsibilities with service providers and clearly define the data provided to Fintech in order to avoid unintended cases: legal risk that service providers are prohibited or prevented from functioning; potential capital loss or payment delay, ... Moreover, there are risks when using a P2P fintech system, such as technology development, or when the software is discontinued, the level of risk will be very high.
The employee engagement is an approach in the study of organizational behavior. There have been many studies done to find out the factors affecting the employee engagement to the organization. Limitation of previous studies is that, when choosing the number of factors to be retained, authors based only on the Eigienvalues (eigenvalue-one criterion). They did not take into account the cumulative percentage, screening test, percentage. The variance is calculated for each factor and the interpretability of each factor (The Interpretability Criterion). When doing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), previous studies also did not test the statistical power of the studies. Samples of those studies, have often been taken according to empirical formulas that did not take into account the required statistical power and degrees of freedom of the study. This study was conducted at the social insurance agency of Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, from January 2019 to May 2019, with the aims to finding out and identify the factors that affect to employee engagement, with the analysis has supplementing and overcoming the shortcomings as mentioned above. In this paper, We use statistical software SAS to perform steps key component analysis (CPA), assess the reliability of the scale by Cronbach's Alpha index, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmation factor analysis (CFA) and Linear structural model analysis (SEM). The analysis results show that employee engagement with the organization is positively affected by 5 factors. The order of impact level are: Salary, bonus and welfare; Training and development opportunities; Organizational culture; Relationships with colleagues and Organizational Leadership Style.
Trong kinh tế học và kinh tế lượng, hàm sản xuất Cobb-Douglas và hàm Translog thường được sử dụng rộng rãi để biểu thị mối quan hệ kỹ thuật giữa lượng của hai hoặc nhiều yếu tố đầu vào và lượng đầu ra. Tuy nhiên, theo khảo lược từ các nghiên cứu trước thì đa phần đều sử dụng hàm Cobb-Douglas, cũng có một số nghiên cứu sử dụng hàm Translog hoặc cả hai hàm trong một nghiên cứu. Tuy nhiên, việc so sánh kết quả phân tích của hai dạng hàm này hầu như chưa được đề cập đến. Bài viết này sử dụng số liệu thống kê đầu vào là GDP Việt Nam từ 2009 - 2019, thực hiện phân tích bằng cả hai hàm Cobb-Douglas và Translog. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy từ việc so sánh độ lệch chuẩn, so sánh đồ thị giá trị dự báo với đồ thị của giá trị thực tế và các chỉ số Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Abs. Percent Error (MASE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Theil Inequality Coefficient (Theil) đều thể hiện kết quả dự báo bằng hàm Translog cho kết quả đáng tin cậy hơn so với dự báo bằng hàm Cobb-Douglass.
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