Histological analysis, which aims to investigate the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues, has been a simple and powerful technique for plant taxonomy. Sectioning followed by staining methods is widely used in observing histological structures. However, the staining techniques often destroy tissue and provide low-quality images due to nonspecific reactions with the dyes making further analysis difficult. In this report, we propose an applicable non-staining histology protocol based on auto-fluorescence characteristics of plant tissues and its application in the anatomical discrimination of six similar-appearance species of golden camellias as a case study. We compared the images from the same tissue under a bright field with the staining step and under fluorescence directly without the staining step in the sample preparation. The images were taken from Eclipse Ni-U microscopy (Nikon, Japan) with a color DS-Ri2 camera (Nikon, Japan) and NIS-ELEMENTS Basic Research Imaging software. The non-staining method demonstrated significant advantages compared to the staining protocol. The fluorescent images showed the distinction between adjacent leaf tissues with their own naturally reflective colors. In addition, the anatomical parameters, including the xylem area, phloem area, bundle sheath area, and palisade/spongy width ratio, were easily measured in good-quality images. These parameters were used in discriminative analysis by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA diagram demonstrated the separation of six species, thus suggesting that these anatomical parameters can be used for taxonomy. In conclusion, our study showed a helpful technique in histological analysis that significantly contributes to the taxonomy of golden camellias species and can be applied in other plant varieties.
Translation of culture-specific items has posed many difficulties to translators as it requires thorough knowledge of both languages and cultures. This study aims to investigate the assessment of foreign tourists on the translation of object labels at Vietnamese Women’s Museum and to shed light on tourist’s preferences for cultural word translation procedures. In order to fulfil these objectives, a mixed-method research was conducted in which questionnaire and interview were used as the primary data collection instruments. The model proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (2000) was applied to analyze the procedures of the cultural word translation. The findings showed that the translation at Vietnamese Women’s Museum generally came up to tourists’ expectation and successfully helped them understand the majority of Vietnamese culture exhibited at the museum. However, some contents relating to religion or Vietnamese customs such as Mother worshipping, consecration ritual, 13 celestial Mothers full-month ceremony and traditional outfits such as fabric-making or fabric-dyeing methods, names of traditional costumes caused some challenges to the readers. Suggestions from tourists were valuable for both translators and the museum to improve their translation and display at the museum.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the internal factors affecting the green procurement of Food and Beverage (F&B) enterprises in Vietnam. The official study was conducted with 235 F&B enterprises operating in Vietnam through direct and online survey methods. The research results have identified five internal factors that directly affect green procurement activities, including: (i) Corporate social responsibility, (ii) Business strategy, (iii) Quality human resources, (iv) Information technology and (v) Management awareness and commitment. In particular, the quality of human resources is the factor that has the most positive and strongest influence on the green procurement activities of enterprises in the F&B industry in Vietnam.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the internal factors affecting the green procurement of Food and Beverage (F&B) enterprises in Vietnam. The official study was conducted with 235 F&B enterprises operating in Vietnam through direct and online survey methods. The research results have identified five internal factors that directly affect green procurement activities, including: (i) Corporate social responsibility, (ii) Business strategy, (iii) Quality human resources, (iv) Information technology and (v) Management awareness and commitment. In particular, the quality of human resources is the factor that has the most positive and strongest influence on the green procurement activities of enterprises in the F&B industry in Vietnam.
The study investigates the reliability and user feedback about the rubrics to evaluate English – Vietnamese consecutive interpreting tests taken by undergraduates at VNU-ULIS created by Tran and Do (2022). Five VNU-ULIS raters – two experienced raters and three novice ones – independently rated ten different interpreting tests and provided their feedback on the rubrics. The results reveal the newly created rubrics is mostly considered user-friendly and practical application for interpreting evaluation. Overall, inter-rater reliability, which was presented through Cronbach’s alpha and the single measure intra-class coefficient, was acceptable. Besides, the value among the novice raters was higher than that between the two experienced ones. The raters’ perception of each quality criterion and their rating process may account for the differences in their score decisions. The findings also suggest further improvements in terms of descriptor wording, weightings and rater training.
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