miR-155 specifically inhibits IL-13-induced expression of eosinophilic chemokines CCL11 and CCL26 in bronchial epithelial cells, even though the 3'-untranslated region of these genes do not contain a consensus binding site for miR-155.

The epidemiology of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive MRSA in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was examined. Three hundred and forty-two CA-MRSA strains that were susceptible to imipenem and cefazolin were isolated from 1107 samples (intravenous catheter, blood, sputum, urine, skin, wound, and pharynx) from outpatients at Showa University Hospital in Japan between September 2009 and March 2017. The PVL gene was detected in 46 of 342 CA-MRSA strains, accounting for 13.5%. The type of SCC mec was determined by detection of each SCC mec -specific region, class complex, and ccr . SCC mec type IV comprised 33 strains, type V comprised 5 strains, type VII comprised 4 strains, and the unclassified type comprised 4 strains. Among the type IV strains, subtype IVa was dominant, comprising 23 of 33 strains, and the remaining 10 strains were of varying subtypes. The SCC mec type III-specific region, CZ049, was amplified in 2 type V strains, 4 type VII strains, and 4 unclassified strains. In 4 unclassified strains, CZ049 and ccr5 were detected, but neither the SCC mec -specific region nor class complex was detected. The PVL-positive rate was lower than that in Western countries. The SCC mec types of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains were found to vary, indicating a diverse spreading route.

Abstract. Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. CD105 is reportedly a specific marker for tumor angiogenesis. It has been demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies to CD105 have high affinity for activated endothelial cells. A relationship between metastasis and microvessel density (MVD), as an indicator of neovascularization, has been identified in patients with colorectal cancer as shown by the presence of monoclonal antibodies to CD105. However, data on potentially confounding factors such as lymphatic and vascular infiltration and tumor size are lacking. We further investigated the relationship between MVD and distant metastasis, along with potentially confounding clinicopathological factors, to more precisely characterize this relationship. In this retrospective study, we analyzed colorectal cancer specimens surgically or endoscopically resected from January to September 2009. We defined MVD as the number of microvessels stained by monoclonal antibodies to CD105 per x400 field. Selected clinicopathological factors were analyzed and stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for distant metastasis. We analyzed 129 lesions. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 6-85 months) in patients with distant metastasis and 61 months (range, 60-86 months) in those without distant metastasis. At the time of resection or during subsequent follow-up, 32 patients had distant metastases. The MVD was significantly greater in patients with than without distant metastases (mean ± standard deviation: 10.4±4.9 vs. 7.6±3.3, P=0.008; Welch's t-test). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression indicated that MVD, regional lymph node metastasis, and tumor size were independent risk factors for distant metastases. Combining assessment of monoclonal antibodies to CD105-positive MVD with assessment of regional lymph node metastasis and tumor size may help to identify patients who need more intensive surveillance after surgery for colorectal cancer.

A worldwide increase in the Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) complex has been observed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of the rrl and erm(41) genes, both of which are associated with macrolide sensitivity in the M. abscessus complex. The current study also examined the efficacy of mass spectrometry as an alternative to molecular testing to classify subspecies of the M. abscessus complex. A total of 14 strains of the M. abscessus complex were obtained, and based on conventional analyses using housekeeping genes, 57% were determined to be M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, 43% were M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, and none were identified as M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. However, depending on the strain, it was not always possible to distinguish between the subspecies by mass spectrometry. Consequently, PCR products for the rrl and erm(41) genes were directly sequenced. Overall, 7.1% of the strains were identified to have a rrl mutation, and 92.9% carried a T at position 28 of erm (41). Results presented here suggest that the principal cause of treatment failure for M. abscessus complex infections is inducible macrolide resistance encoded by the erm(41) gene. From a strictly pragmatic standpoint, the phenotypic function of a putative erm(41) gene is the most important piece of information required by clinicians in order to prescribe an effective treatment. Although PCR amplification of erm(41) is not sufficient to differentiate between the M. abscessus complex subspecies, PCR can be easily and efficiently used to predict the sensitivity of members of the M. abscessus complex to clarithromycin. PCR amplification of the erm(41) gene can be used to predict the sensitivity of Mycobacterium abscessus complex strains to clarithromycin