The number of silver‐stained nucleolar proteins (AgNOR) was counted in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver lesions induced by N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide (FAA) and was compared with that of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐incorporating cells detected immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody against BrdU. Male ACI/N rats were given diet containing 200 ppm FAA for 12, 16 or 20 weeks to induce hepatocellular foci and tumors. The mean numbers of AgNOR stained by a one‐step silver colloid method and BrdU‐labeling indices in various liver cell lesions were as follows: nontreated liver (n = 20), 1.20 and 0.08; nonlesional areas (n=20), 1.33 and 0.13; altered liver cell foci (n = 80), 2.04 and 4.05 [eosinophilic cell type (n = 20), 1.78 and 1.82; clear cell type (n=20), 1.45 and 1.77; basophilic cell type (n=20), 1.99 and 4.58; hyperbasophilic cell type (n=20), 2.94 and 8.02]; neoplastic nodules (n = 10), 3.11 and 2.99; hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 10), 7.22 and 8.29. Thus, the mean number of AgNOR and the value of BrdU‐labeling index were well correlated and both values showed a stepwise increase from normal liver cells to liver cell carcinoma, although some scatter was present. These data suggest that mean number of AgNOR may reflect the cellular kinetics in rat hepatocarcinogenesis, and the one‐step silver colloid method for demonstration of AgNOR may therefore be a simple and useful staining to examine the proliferative nature of cells.
The Japanese Surveillance Committee conducted a second nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogens responsible for acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) in premenopausal patients aged 16e40 years old at 31 hospitals throughout Japan from March 2015 to February 2016. In this study, the susceptibility of causative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) for various antimicrobial agents was investigated by isolation and culturing of organisms obtained from urine samples. In total, 324 strains were isolated from 361 patients, including E. coli (n ¼ 220, 67.9%), S. saprophyticus (n ¼ 36, 11.1%), and K. pneumoniae (n ¼ 7, 2.2%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 20 antibacterial agents for these strains were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) manual. At least 93% of the E. coli isolates showed susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, whereas 100% of the S. saprophyticus isolates showed susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. The proportions of fluoroquinoloneresistant and extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains were 6.4% (13/220) and 4.1% (9/220), respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae was retained during the surveillance period, while no multidrug-resistant strains were identified. In summary, antimicrobial susceptibility results of our second nationwide surveillance did not differ significantly from those of the first surveillance. Especially the numbers of fluoroquinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli strains were not increased in premenopausal patients with AUC in Japan.
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