To investigate the air permeability of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and the effect of grain directions on it, the air permeabilities of air-dried sugi sapwood and heartwood were determined along the three material directions of wood. The value of the longitudinal permeability was the highest and that of the radial permeability was the lowest. The permeability of heartwood was about an order of magnitude less than the permeability of sapwood in the same direction. The ratio between the tangential and radial permeability was approximately 10, which was similar to softwoods that have impermeable rays. These results suggest that sugi has ray tissues that are either impermeable or have very low permeability. The radial permeability of sugi was much lower than that of Pinus, Sequoia, Juniperus, Abies and Tsuga measured with gases reported in the literature, indicating that sugi is one of the least radially permeable softwoods. These findings explain the reasons for the difficulties encountered in the drying and chemical treatment of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica).
The target of this paper is to explicitly analyze the existing forms of Munamochi-bashira in the post-and-lintel construction among traditional structures in the northern China. The analysis on the measured data of the existing ancient buildings shows that the Munamochi-bashira construction exists in the remained-architecture of post-and-lintel construction. The Munamochi-bashira construction can be also found in the Chinese classical architectural book of �GONG CHENG ZUO FA ZE ����. The Munamochi-bashira construction as one of the most original building structures was used in the traditional wooden structures particularly in the northern China.
Recent flood damages in urban areas have increased the need for urban planning and building measures to respond to inundation risks. In this article, in order to obtain suggestions for building and land use management based on inundation risks, floodproofing plans are examined for a two-story wooden detached house located in an urban area. Then, the additional building cost compared with the benchmark standard plan, and the amount of damage reduction due to floodproofing are estimated. Finally, the applicability of such floodproofing measures are examined by analyzing the cost-effectiveness of plans under various conditions of inundation probability. *1 (国研)建築研究所住宅・都市研究グループ 博士(工学) (〒 305-0802 茨城県つくば市立原1) *2 (国研)建築研究所住宅・都市研究グループ 博士(環境学) *3 (国研)建築研究所材料研究グループ 博士(農学)
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