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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) after permanent MCAO (pMCAO). Materials and methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to pMCAO. After pMCAO, SHED was transplanted into the brain. Motor function and infarct volume were evaluated. Neurogenesis and vasculogenesis were determined using immunochemical markers. Results: The SHED group had more positive signals for doublecortin, neurofilament, anti-neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (RECA1) in the peri-infarct area than the PBS group. Migration of doublecortin-positive neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from subventricular zone (SVZ) to the peri-infarct area was observed on day 16. Transplanted SHED merged vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) positive cells. Conclusion: SHED promoted migration and differentiation of the endogenous NPCs and induced vasculogenesis, and ameliorated ischemic brain injury after pMCAO in rats.

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