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The formation mechanism of the core-shell structure of a BaTiO3(BT)–MgO–Ho2O3-based system was studied. Mg reacted with BT at low temperatures and showed poor diffusivity compared with Ho. The core-shell structure was considered to be formed by the suppression of the diffusion of Ho into the core region by Mg. Also, replacement modes of Mg and Ho in perovskite were investigated. Lattice parameters were determined at temperatures higher than the Curie temperature in order to avoid crystal structure change. It was confirmed that Mg dissolved in Ti site, and Ho dissolved in both Ba and Ti sites. This indicates that Mg ions act as acceptors and Ho ions act as both donors and acceptors in the shell phase.

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The formation of solid solutions of microwave dielectric compounds having compositions in the vicinity of Ba3.75-R 9.5Ti18O54 and/or BaO·R 2O3·4TiO2 (R=rare earth) has been investigated. 3BaO·2R 2O3·9TiO2 (Ba6 R 8Ti18O54) solid solutions with the ideal formulae of Ba6-3x R 8+2x Ti18O54 (0.0≤x≤1.0) have been derived on the tie line with the ratio Ti:O=1:3 between perovskite and R 2Ti3O9 based on the new tungsten bronze-type crystal structure with 2×2 perovskitelike unit cells. The type of solid solutions is substitutional with following the relation 3Ba2+\rightleftarrows2R 3++\Box. Lattice parameters as a function of composition have been determined by the WPPD (whole-powder-pattern decomposition) method.17) The formation range is located at 0.3≤x≤0.7 compositions in the case of R=Sm and 0.0≤x≤0.7 in R=Nd. In the latter case, two kinds of substitutions of the solid solutions are considered.

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We report on processing and comparative characterization of epitaxial Bi3Fe5O12 (BIG) films grown onto Gd3(ScGa)5O12[GSGG,(001)] single crystal using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and reactive ion beam sputtering (RIBS) techniques. A very high deposition rate of about 0.8 μm/h has been achieved in the PLD process. Comprehensive x-ray diffraction analyses reveal epitaxial quality both of the films: they are single phase, exclusively (001) oriented, the full width at half maximum of the rocking curve of (004) Bragg reflection is 0.06 deg for PLD and 0.05 deg for RIBS film, strongly in-plane textured with cube-on-cube film-to-substrate epitaxial relationship. Saturation magnetization 4πMs and Faraday rotation at 635 nm were found to be 1400 Gs and −7.8 deg/μm in PLD-BIG, and 1200 Gs and −6.9 deg/μm in RIBS-BIG. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements performed at 9.25 GHz yielded the gyromagnetic ratio γ=1.797×107 l/s Oe, 1.826×107 l/s Oe; the constants of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy were Ku*=−8.66×104 erg/cm3, −8.60×104 erg/cm3; the cubic magnetic anisotropy K1=−2.7×103 erg/cm3,−3.8×103 erg/cm3; and the FMR linewidth ΔH=25 and 34 Oe for PLD and RIBS films correspondingly. High Faraday rotation, low microwave loss, and low coercive field ⩽40 Oe of BIG/GSGG(001) films promise their use in integrated magneto-optic applications.

Inflammation-based prognostic indicators have been developed to predict the prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, prognostic indices have not been established in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, including those without indication for chemotherapy at diagnosis. This study aimed to identify the predictors in all patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. We retrospectively analyzed data of 119 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer from June 2006 to September 2018. The following laboratory parameters were evaluated: the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified GPS, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI). We performed time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis, overall survival (OS) analysis, and univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the prognostic factors in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. The cut-off value for NLR was determined to be 3.74. The 6-month OS rates in low and high NLR groups were 75.5% and 18.8% (P < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, advanced age (P = 0.003), metastatic pancreatic cancer (P = 0.037), no treatment (P < 0.001), worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) (P < 0.001), high GPS (P < 0.001), high modified GPS (P < 0.001), high NLR (P < 0.001), high PLR (P = 0.002), high CRP/Alb ratio (P < 0.001), and low PNI (P < 0.001) were identified as the prognostic factors. The multivariate analysis revealed that metastatic pancreatic cancer (P = 0.046), no treatment (P < 0.001), worse ECOG-PS (P = 0.002), and high NLR (P < 0.001) were independently associated with OS. We revealed that the high NLR could be an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.