The self-assembly of folate dendrimers into pi-stacked supramolecular rosettes is shown to produce ion channels in planar and spherical lipid bilayer membranes. The found ion channels are small, quite homogeneous, long-lived, ohmic, cation selective (Eisenman I), and blockable by the permeant cation.

No abstract

[1] New simultaneous seismic reflection and physical oceanographic observations east of Japan demonstrate the utility of the seismic reflection method in mapping oceanic fine structure. Synthetic seismograms calculated from temperature and salinity data confirm that seismic reflections correlate with physical oceanographic structures. Seismic reflections at the boundary between the warm Kuroshio and the cold Oyashio water masses correspond to well developed, $10 m scale, temperature fine structure. Vertical current profiles suggest that this fine structure is caused by interleaving of these two water masses. We compare our seismic images with acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) intensity maps and discuss similarities and the differences between seismic images and the ADCP maps. Our study demonstrates that even relatively lowenergy seismic sources, in this case a 3.4 l (210 in 3 ) generator-injector (GI) airgun, can be used to image upper oceanic fine structure. Citation: Nakamura, Y., T. Noguchi, T. Tsuji, S. Itoh, H. Niino, and T. Matsuoka (2006), Simultaneous seismic reflection and physical oceanographic observations of oceanic fine structure in the Kuroshio extension front, Geophys.

Helical self‐assembled columns form supramolecular chiral cubic and columnar liquid‐crystalline phases (see picture). The complexation of hydrogen‐bonded disks of folic acid derivatives that have oligo(glutamic acid) moieties and lipophilic alkyl chains with nonchiral ions leads to the self‐assembly of chiral Pm3n cubic and hexagonal columnar structures.

Hydrogen-related fracture behaviors in low-carbon (Fe-0.1wtpctC) and medium-carbon (Fe-0.4wtpctC) martensitic steels were characterized through crystallographic orientation analysis using electron backscattering diffraction. The martensitic steels with lower strength (Fe-0.1C specimen or Fe-0.4C specimen tempered at higher temperature) exhibited transgranular fracture, where fractured surfaces consisted of dimples and quasi-cleavage patterns. Crystallographic orientation analysis revealed that several of the micro-cracks that formed around the prior austenite grain boundaries propagated along {011} planes. In contrast, fracture surface morphologies of the martensitic steels with higher strength (Fe-0.4C specimen tempered at lower temperature) appeared to be intergranular-like. Crystallographic orientation analysis demonstrated that, on a microscopic level, the fracture surfaces comprised the facets parallel to {011} planes. These results suggest that the hydrogen-related fractures in martensitic steels with higher strength are not exactly intergranular at the prior austenite grain boundaries, but they are transgranular fractures propagated along {011} planes close to the prior austenite grain boundaries. A description of the mechanism of hydrogen-related fracture is proposed based on the results.

Helicale selbstorganisierte Säulen bilden supramolekulare chirale kubische und columnare flüssigkristalline Phasen (siehe Bild). Wasserstoffverbrückte Scheiben aus Folsäurederivaten, mit Oligo(glutaminsäure)‐Domänen und lipophilen Alkylketten, ergeben durch Komplexierung mit nichtchiralen Ionen selbstorganisierte chirale kubische und hexagonale Pm3n‐Säulenstrukturen.

This paper summarised the microstructural and crystallographic features of hydrogen-related fracture under tensile deformation in martensitic steels. The specimens with relatively low strength exhibited quasi-cleavage fracture. Crystallographic orientation analysis demonstrated that the quasi-cleavage fracture occurred on {011} planes. On the other hand, the macroscopic fracture surface morphologies of the specimens with relatively high strength appeared to be intergranular-like. However, nature of the fracture was somewhat different from a typical intergranular fracture, and the fracture surfaces consisted of facets parallel to {011} planes on a microscopic level. Based on the experimental results, we concluded that the crystallographic feature of {011} plane itself had an important role on the hydrogen-related fracture. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Hydrogen in Metallic Alloys

Low-pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum up to 30 min in the spontaneously breathing rat does not significantly affect HR, MAP, CI, pH, or PCO2. Inhalational isoflurance/N2O anesthesia produces less hypertension and respiratory acidosis than intraperitoneal pentobarbital during pneumoperitoneum in the rat.