Coronavirus disease pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the epithelium of the airways.With the increasing involvement of dermatologist in management of this crisis, cutaneous symptoms gained more and more attention. In this review, we will describe cutaneous symptoms of patients of all ages in association with COVID-19.We will focus on such disorders that are caused by direct action of SARS-CoV-2 on tissues, complement, and coagulation system and on nonspecific eruption of the systemic viral infection. Drug-induced reactions are only mentioned in the differential diagnoses. Although more systematic investigations are warranted, it becomes clear that some symptoms are clinical signs of a milder COVID-19 course, while others are a red flag for a more severe course. Knowledge of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 may help in early diagnosis, triage of patients, and risk stratification.

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The incidence of breast carcinoma cutaneous manifestation in patients with breast carcinoma is 23.9%. The most common sites of breast carcinoma cutaneous manifestation are the chest wall and abdomen, but they can occur at the extremities and in the head/neck region. Due the high incidence of breast carcinoma, these cutaneous manifestations are the most common metastases seen by dermatologists. In clinical practice, cutaneous metastases show a wide range of clinical manifestations. Nodules are the most common presentation, but several other patterns are described below.

We propose that the variations of the levels of hyaluronic acid in the dermis in aging could account for some of the most striking alterations of the aged skin, including decreased turgidity, less support for microvessels, wrinkling, and altered elasticity.

Preclinical evidence shows that β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers) inhibit tumor and metastasis progression in animal models of melanoma. We hypothesized that the use of β-blockers for concomitant diseases is associated with a reduced risk of progression of thick (Breslow thickness >1 mm) malignant melanoma. Two patient subgroups were identified from the medical records of 121 consecutive patients with a thick melanoma. Of these, 30 patients had been prescribed β-blockers for 1 year or more (treated subgroup), whereas the other 91 were untreated. After a median follow-up time of 2.5 years, tumor progression was observed in 3.3% of the treated subgroup and in 34.1% of the untreated subgroup. The Cox model on progression indicated a 36% (95% confidence interval, 11%-54%) (P = .002) risk reduction for each year of β-blocker use. No deaths were observed in the treated group, whereas in the untreated group 24 patients died. To our knowledge, the present study suggests for the first time that exposure to β-blockers for 1 year or more is associated with a reduced risk of progression of thick malignant melanoma, indicating the need for larger epidemiological studies and randomized clinical trials.

Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood of cutaneous melanoma patients provides information on the metastatic process and potentially improves patient management. The isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) is a direct method for CTC identification in which tumor cells are collected by filtration as a result of their large size. So far, ISET has been applied only to CTC detection from epithelial cancer patients, and the technique has never been applied to cutaneous melanoma patients. We herein investigated the presence of CTC by ISET in the peripheral blood of 140 subjects (87 with cutaneous melanomas, 10 subjects undergoing surgery for melanocytic nevi, 5 patients with non-melanoma skin tumors, and 38 healthy volunteers). The identification of the cells trapped in filters as CTC was supported by positivity for immunohistochemical markers and for tyrosinase mRNA by real-time RT-PCR. CTC were neither detected in the controls nor in the in situ melanoma group. In contrast, CTC were shown in 29% of patients with primary invasive melanoma and in 62.5% of metastatic melanoma patients (P<0.01). CTC detection correlated with the presence of mRNA tyrosinase in blood samples, assayed by real-time RT-PCR (P=0.001). CTC detection corroborated by suitable molecular characterization may assist in the identification and monitoring of more appropriate therapies in melanoma patients.

Human scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. It is a common skin disease worldwide that occurs not only in the underprivileged sections of society but also in developed countries. In 2009, World Health Organization (WHO) recognized scabies as “neglected tropical disease (NTD)” or NTD thus emphasizing the need for community awareness and proper treatment strategies. This review attempts to summarize the varied clinical presentation of the disease and describes the advances in diagnosis and management including the ongoing search for novel agents to overcome the problems associated with conventional treatments. The literature research includes peer‐reviewed articles (clinical trials or scientific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till February 2020 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included.

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