The aim of this study was to investigate whether euthymic patients in remission on lithium prophylaxis score higher on the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) than healthy subjects, thus indicating a trait quality of dysfunctional attitudes in unipolar depression. A total of 79 patients with recurrent unipolar depressive episodes and 79 individually matched healthy controls were compared using a Swedish version of the DAS. The results indicate that DAS score is a state-dependent variable in depressive disorder.
The aim was to study defence categories according to the modified version of the Defence Mechanism Test (DMTm) and to see if there was a relationship between DMTm and severity of illness. The material consists of 23 patients with panic disorder according to DSM-III-R who participated in a long-term follow-up of two clinical trials. The most common defence categories were repression, denial, disavowal or denial of the threat relation or of the identity of the peripheral person. The patients with denial or polymorphous identification had more severe symptoms and the latter group also were more handicapped by their symptoms. Denial and disavowal or denial of the threat relation may be defence categories, which are not so effective in preventing the individual from experiencing anxiety. Polymorphous identification, although not so common, does not seem to be an appropriate defence among patients with panic disorder.
TORBJO 8 RN OHRT, LARS-HÅ KAN THORELL Ohrt T, Thorell L-H. Ratings of cognitive distortion in major depression: Changes during treatment and prediction of outcome. Nord J Psychiatry 1998;52:239 -244. Oslo. ISSN 0803-9488.The aim of this study was twofold: to test the state-dependency hypothesis by studying changes in ratings of cognitive distortion in relation to treatment response and to investigate the predictive value of ratings of cognitive distortion for treatment response. Twenty-six subjects with major depression were assessed with the Swedish versions of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) and the Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ) before and after a 6-week period of psychopharmacologic treatment. The results support state dependency of cognitive distortion in depression. A predictive value of the cognitive measurements for treatment response was not supported.
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