These results indicate that caregiving has an influence on the family situation and on the quality of life of parents. These findings suggest that the professions working with the parents must have an approach focusing not only on the care given to the ill daughter or son, but also on the parents' situation.
In a longitudinal study of couples expecting their first child many women experienced a diminished sexual desire, most commonly in the third trimester. Among men it was common only during the third trimester. Decrease in sexual desire influenced sexual frequency and in turn sexual satisfaction. During the first and second trimester there was no relation between the perceived change in sexual desire between women and men. The same was true for sexual satisfaction during the first and third trimester. In women there was a relation between experienced change in sexual behavior during pregnancy and background variables such as age, education, rapport with parents, mood, and worry concerning pregnancy and parturition. This was most marked during the first and third trimesters. In the men, only age, rapport with parents, and worry concerning the fetus were related to changes in sexual behavior.
In a prospective study 81 randomly selected parents awaiting their first baby were interviewed early during pregnancy and again during the week after delivery. About 80% of the women and their partners were found to hold their child to the left, and 20% to the right, irrespective of handedness. There was no relation between side preference in child holding in the couples. Common to both sexes is the trend that left-holders are more attached to and identified with the parent of their own sex whereas right-holders are more attached to and identified with the parent of the opposite sex. Right-holders have also more often had mental symptoms prior to pregnancy and were concerned about the pregnancy, delivery and health of the child at birth.
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