The cases were exposed to extreme manganese load. Their symptomatology is probably identical to manganism. The role of ephedrone is presently unknown. Physicians must be aware of early signs of manganism in patients within social risk groups.

The results showed that HDI is common after SAH and can be evaluated with TCD ultrasonography in routine clinical practice. Detection of HDI could be useful for identifying patients at high or low risk for delayed ischemic complications and unfavorable clinical outcome after SAH.

Compared to recent studies from Europe, where the incidence of TSCI is between 15 and 30 per million population, the incidence of TSCI in Estonia is among the highest. The rates are significantly higher in men compared with women and especially among the youngest men. The leading cause of TSCI is falls. A significant proportion of injuries are related to alcohol consumption before trauma in Estonia.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data of patients with epileptic seizures and diagnosed brain tumors. Analysis included 711 patients with primary and secondary brain tumors. 165 (23%) patients had experienced at least one seizure before tumor diagnosis. The mean time from the first epileptic seizure to tumor diagnosis was 16 months. The patient’s age, location and pathology of tumor were associated with occurrence of seizures. Seizures were more common in patients aged 30–50 years. Tumors involving the frontal, frontoparietal, temporal and frontotemporal lobes were associated with occurrence of seizures. According to the histological diagnosis, patients with mixed gliomas (62%), oligodendrogliomas (53%) and astrocytomas (42%) experienced seizures most frequently.

No abstract

Although the two cohorts had similar demographic, injury and clinical characteristics, the age profile of the victims was different. The incidence rate was 1.5 times higher and SMR was 2.7 times higher in Estonia. Probable explanations for the different outcomes of the two European countries are socioeconomic differences, lower physical activity level, lower life expectancy and insufficient injury prevention programmes in Estonia.

During the period from 1986 to 1996, 1,665 cases of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors were identified in the resident population of Estonia. Histological verification was available in 81% of the cases. Gliomas were more common in men, while meningiomas and neurinomas were more common in women. No significant difference was observed between the sexes for all primary CNS tumors. The age-specific incidence increased from the age of 30, reached a maximum in the age range of 50–69 years and declined in the elderly which may reflect under-diagnosis. The age-adjusted incidence rate for CNS tumors was 8.5/100,000 population. A comparison of our results with those of a previous study carried out in Estonia revealed a significant histology-specific increase in incidence in all age groups.

Objectives -To investigate the prevalence of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Tartu district of South Estonia, with a population of 153,240 on prevalence day, January 1 st , 1996. Methods -The community-based method of case ascertainment was used, followed by neurologic examination. Results -The age-adjusted prevalence was 152 per 100,000 population, 159 for urban and 139 for the rural group, 154 for men and 153 for women. The age-specific prevalence increased from 22 per 100,000 population in the age group 40-49 years up to 1232 per 100,000 population in the age group 70-79 years. The mean age of PD patients was 71.4 years, the mean age at onset of the symptoms -66.9 years. Conclusions -When comparing the prevalence rates with other studies of Caucasian populations in Europe, the results are similar except for slightly but not significantly higher prevalence rates in the urban population in Estonia.