ObjectiveTuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Host genetic variability is an important determinant of the risk of developing TB in humans. Although the association between MBL polymorphisms and TB has been studied in various populations, the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a Lur population of Iran.MethodsIn this case-control study, four functional MBL gene polymorphisms (HL, XY, PQ and AB) were genotyped by using PCR Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique in a Lur population living in Lorestan Province, consisting of 100 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) age and sex matched 100 healthy controls (HCs). Association analyses were performed with the SPSS 21 statistical software.ResultsWe found that MBL (HH) genotype polymorphism significantly was associated with increased susceptibility to TB (35% in patients vs. 22% in controls, P = 0.0417, OR = 1.909, %95 CI = 1.020–3.573). Additionally, H allele showed a significant association with increased risk of TB (56.5% in patients vs. 46% in controls, P = 0.0357, OR = 1.525, %95 CI = 1.028–2.262). Also, the distribution of L allele in patients was significantly lower frequency in TB patients compared to controls (43.5% vs. 54%, P = 0.0357, OR = 0.656, %95 CI = 0.442–0.973). However, the allelic and genotypic frequencies of AB, XY and PQ polymorphisms were not significantly different between the patients and the controls. We couldn't detect any significant differences between haplotypes among TB patients and healthy controls.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that HH genotype and H allele may increase the susceptibility to pulmonary TB in the Lur population of Iran, although L allele may decrease the susceptibility to pulmonary TB in this population. We suggest that it is necessary to further more studies with larger sample size and other ethnic population.
Introduction: Recent studies have evaluated the risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, management and treatment of anaphylaxis in different populations, but the results of various studies are contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, management and treatment of anaphylactic patients referred to the Children's Medical Center of Tehran during the years 2015-2016.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with anaphylaxis were studied. The study population included all patients who had been diagnosed with anaphylaxis without age limitation and during the period from 2015 to 2016 to undergo serum beta-tryptase examination were referred to the laboratory of the Children's Medical Center of Tehran. The sampling method was census-based and the information was collected through a pre-designed questionnaire by examining patient files or telephone contacts with patients. After collecting data, the data were entered into SPSS 22 software and analyzed statistically. Finally, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In our study, we investigated 30 patients with anaphylaxis, an average age of 25±15 years (range 2 to 60 years) among which 13 (43%) were men and 17 (57%) women.The most important cause of anaphylaxis in the studied patients was foods (57%), followed by drugs (20%), unknown (20%) and pollen plants (3%). About 33.7% of patients had allergies to specific allergens. The most routes of exposure with allergens were, oral (56.3%), intravenous (18.7%), unknown (12.6%) and cutaneous (3.1%), respectively. 33.6% of them had positive skin tests. The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis in order of frequency were respiratory (72.9%), cutaneous (48.8%), cardiovascular (18.6%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (6%). Eighty percent of anaphylaxis occurred at home. The most commonly prescribed medications were corticosteroids (83.3%), antihistamine (76%), epinephrine (60%) and beta-agonists (3%). Only 30% of the patients had access to Epipen.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, since most anaphylactic reactions occur in the home and more than one-third of patients had allergic to certain allergens and two-thirds of patients had a history of anaphylaxis, it seems that by providing the necessary training and knowledge to individuals with regard to allergenic substances or allergenic drugs, as well as increased access for patients to Epipen, we can prevent the occurrence and risk of subsequent anaphylaxis in these people.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In humans, a number of genes have been identified as susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis. The relationship between NRAMP1 polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis has been studied in different populations and has reported contradictory results. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the common polymorphisms of NRAMP1 gene and the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in the LUR Population of Lorestan province of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, three common polymorphisms of NRAMP1 gene (3'UTR, INT4 and D543N) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP technique in the LUR population of Lorestan province. In this study, 100 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) were studied as case group and 100 healthy controls that matched for age and sex with the patient group, studied as control group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. Results: In the present study we observed that the GG genotype of D543N polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with increased susceptibility to TB (84% in the case group vs. 72% in the control group, %95CI=1.024-4.071, OR=2.042, P=0.0405). Also, G allele of D543N polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (90% in the case group vs. 81.5% in the control group, %95CI=1.140-3.663, OR=2.043, P=0.015). On the other hand, the frequency of allele A of D543N polymorphism was significantly lower in patients than in the control group (10% in the case group vs. 18.5% in the control group, %95CI=0.273-0.878, OR=0.489, P=0.015). Although genotypic and allelic frequency of 3'UTR and INT4 polymorphisms between patients and controls showed no significant differences in the study population. Discussion and conclusion: Our observations showed that GG genotype and G allele of D543N polymorphism have a significant role in increasing the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in the LUR Population of Lorestan province. Also, allele A of D543N polymorphism has a significant effect on resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in this population. Although there was no significant correlation between genotypes and alleles of 3'UTR and INT4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to or resistance to pulmonary TB in this population. It is suggested that a larger sample size be used in future studies. It is also recommended to conduct this type of study on other ethnicities. Keywords: NRAMP1, Pulmonary tuberculosis, LUR Population, Lorestan province, Iran.
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