The excellent energy-storage performance of ceramic capacitors, such as high-power density, fast discharge speed, and the ability to operate over a broad temperature range, gives rise to their wide applications in different energy-storage devices. In this work, the (Pb 0.98 La 0.02 )(Zr 0.55 Sn 0.45 ) 0.995 O 3 (PLZS) antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are prepared via a unique rolling machine approach. The field-induced multiphase transitions are observed in polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops. All the PLZS AFE ceramics possess high energy-storage densities and discharge efficiency (above 80%) with different sintering temperatures. Of particular significance is that an ultrahigh recoverable energy-storage density of 10.4 J cm -3 and a high discharge efficiency of 87% are achieved at 40 kV mm -1 for PLZS ceramic with a thickness of 0.11 mm, sintered at 1175 °C, which are by far the highest values ever reported in bulk ceramics. Moreover, the corresponding ceramics exhibit a superior discharge current density of 1640 A cm -2 and ultrafast discharge speed (75 ns discharge period). This great improvement in energy-storage performance is expected to expand the practical applications of dielectric ceramics in numerous electronic devices.
Via incorporation of Sr2+ into (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3, high recoverable energy density (Ure) is achieved in (Pb,Sr,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 (PSLZST) ceramics. All Sr2+ modified ceramics exhibit orthorhombic antiferroelectric (AFE) characteristics, and have higher ferroelectric-AFE phase switching electric field (EA, proportional to Ure) than the base composition with a tetragonal AFE phase. By properly adjusting the Sr2+ content, the Ure of PSLZST ceramics is greatly improved. This is attributed to the substitution of Pb2+ by Sr2+ with a smaller ion radius, which decreases the tolerance factor leading to enhanced AFE phase stability and thus increased EA. The best energy storage properties are achieved in the PSLZST ceramic with a Sr2+ content of 0.015. It exhibits a maximum room-temperature Ure of 5.56 J/cm3, the highest value achieved so far for dielectric ceramics prepared by a conventional sintering technique, and very small energy density variation (<12%) in the range of 30–90 °C. The high Ure (>4.9 J/cm3) over a wide temperature range implies attractive prospects of this material for developing high power capacitors usable under various conditions.
Novel isotropic and anisotropic thermoplastic magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) were prepared by melt blending titanated coupling agent modified carbonyl iron (CI) particles with poly(styrene-b-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-b-styrene) (SEEPS) matrix in the absence and presence of a magnetic field, and the microstructure and magnetorheological properties of these SEEPS-based MRE were investigated in detail. The particle surface modification improves the dispersion of the particles in the matrix and remarkably softens the CI/SEEPS composites, thus significantly enhancing the MR effect and improving the processability of these SEEPS-based MRE. A microstructural model was proposed to describe the interfacial compatibility mechanism that occurred in the CI/SEEPS composites after titanate coupling agent modification, and validity of this model was also demonstrated through adsorption tests of unmodified and surface-modified CI particles.
Antiferroelectric materials with higher electric field, reduced energy dissipation and lower remanent polarization generally display excellent energy storage performance. In this work, Pb0.98La0.02(Hf1-xSnx)0.995O3 lead-based antiferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by a...
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