Three-dimensional spacer fabrics which have a sandwich structure are formed in a single knitting process without any additional joining treatment. They consist of two separate multifilament outer layers connected by arrays of spacer monofilaments. This paper presents an experimental study on the relationships between the cushioning properties and structural parameters of weft-knitted spacer fabrics in order to lay a foundation for the development of seamless shaped impact protectors for human body impact protection. Sixteen spacer fabrics of different structural parameters were knitted on a computerized flat knitting machine and tested on a universal mechanical testing machine. The cushioning properties of the spacer fabrics were analyzed in terms of their structural features, compression stress–strain curves, energy absorption, and compression resilience. It was found that multifilament fineness, spacer yarn diameter, and spacer yarn pattern should be matching in order to form effective binding structures between the outer layers and spacer monofilaments. The results also showed that spacer fabrics knitted with a shorter spacer yarn span distance, coarser monofilaments, and higher spacer yarn density have better compression resistance and absorption energy but inferior compression resilience if their binding structures are effective. This study has practical significance in promoting the application of this type of fabric as a cushion material for human body protection.
The starch xanthate/natural rubber (SX/NR) composite was prepared by directly mixing and co-coagulating NR latex and the modified starch paste with carbon bisulfide. The vulcanization kinetics of NR and SX/NR composite were investigated by using a rubber process analysis (RPA). The mechanism of SX/NR composite vulcanization was similar to that of pure NR. The values t0and tdisof XS/NR composite were shorter than that of NR, and the activation energy E1for the induction period was smaller. The activation energies E2and E3for the curing period were smaller than that of NR.
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