Vulcanization Kinetics of Starch Xanthate /Natural Rubber Composite

Abstract

The starch xanthate/natural rubber (SX/NR) composite was prepared by directly mixing and co-coagulating NR latex and the modified starch paste with carbon bisulfide. The vulcanization kinetics of NR and SX/NR composite were investigated by using a rubber process analysis (RPA). The mechanism of SX/NR composite vulcanization was similar to that of pure NR. The values t0and tdisof XS/NR composite were shorter than that of NR, and the activation energy E1for the induction period was smaller. The activation energies E2and E3for the curing period were smaller than that of NR.

Essentiality, Fate, Ecotoxicity, and Health Effects of Xanthates and Xanthates Based-Compounds—A Review

“…Xanthates and xanthates-containing compounds (e.g., zinc alkyl xanthates, starch xanthates) are very reactive and very labile accelerators of the vulcanization (Buchanan, Weislogel, Russell, & Rist, 1968;Komatsu, 2009;Luo et al, 2013;Palaty, Devi, & Joseph, 2011;Sasidharan, Palaty, Gopalakrishnan, George, & Joseph, 2010;Wang et al, 2009). This fundamental process in the rubber industry consists of a complex chemical process enabling crosslinking of the long chains of rubber molecules and making them change the predominant plastic/viscous properties to elastic properties (Joseph, George, Madhusoodanan, & Alex, 2015) through reaction with the vulcanization agents (Luo et al, 2013). In the absence of accelerants, the vulcanization with sulfur alone is generally inefficient (e.g., need of long period reaction, a large quantity of sulfur, and a high temperature of 140˚C -150˚C) and generally with low-quality end products (Joseph et al, 2015;Komatsu, 2009;Zhang et al, 2016a).…”