The PNI is a simple and useful marker for predicting the long-term outcomes of gastric cancer patients independent of the tumor stage. Based on our results, we suggest that the PNI should be included in the routine assessment of gastric cancer patients.

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Mucin phenotype has a significant prognostic value and may be a useful marker for the treatment of human gastric carcinoma.

EJAL is strongly associated with intraoperative technical errors. To reduce this complication, proper anastomotic techniques are required. Re-anastomosis should be performed when an incomplete anastomosis is discovered during surgery.

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BACKGROUND: Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is known to regulate immune response and to be expressed in several human malignancies. However, to the authors's knowledge, the precise role of HVEM in human cancer biology remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to clarify the clinical significance of HVEM in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as well as its in vivo functions. METHODS: HVEM expression was evaluated in 103 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to explore its clinical relevance and prognostic value. The functions of HVEM in tumors were analyzed in vitro and in vivo using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing technique. RESULTS: HVEM expression was found to be significantly correlated with depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, it was found to be inversely correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD4 1 , CD8 1 , and CD45RO 1 lymphocytes. It is important to note that HVEM status was identified as an independent prognostic marker. HVEM gene silencing significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation in vitro and cancer growth in vivo. This antitumor effect was associated with reduced cell proliferation activity. The effect was also correlated with the induction of CD81 cells and upregulation of local immune response.CONCLUSIONS: HVEM plays a critical role in both tumor progression and the evasion of host antitumor immune responses, possibly through direct and indirect mechanisms. Therefore, HVEM may be a promising therapeutic target for human esophageal cancer.

The risk factors both for incisional SSIs and for organ/space SSIs are strongly associated with surgical results. Meticulous surgical techniques are therefore required to prevent SSIs.

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