V-shaped organic semiconductors have been designed and synthesized via a large-scale applicable synthetic route. Solution-crystallized films based on such molecules have demonstrated high-performance transistor properties with maximum mobilities of up to 9.5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) as well as pronounced thermal durability of up to 150 °C inherent in the V-shaped cores.

Organometal halide perovskites have attracted widespread attention as the most favorable prospective material for photovoltaic technology because of their high photoinduced charge separation and carrier transport performance. However, the microstructural aspects within the organometal halide perovskite are still unknown, even though it belongs to a crystal system. Here direct observation of the microstructure of the thin film organometal halide perovskite using transmission electron microscopy is reported. Unlike previous reports claiming each phase of the organometal halide perovskite solely exists at a given temperature range, it is identified that the tetragonal and cubic phases coexist at room temperature, and it is confirmed that superlattices composed of a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases are self-organized without a compositional change. The organometal halide perovskite self-adjusts the configuration of phases and automatically organizes a buffer layer at boundaries by introducing a superlattice. This report shows the fundamental crystallographic information for the organometal halide perovskite and demonstrates new possibilities as promising materials for various applications.

The mechanisms of radiative processes from electronically excited states were investigated for tris(2phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy) 3 ]. It was found that low-lying excited singlet and triplet states in the facial (fac) isomer are strongly mixed with each other by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects and, as a result, the radiative transitions could occur easily from low-lying spin-mixed states to the lowest spin-mixed state (ground state), where the low-lying spin-mixed states mainly have a triplet character. On the basis of the assumption that radiative processes obey Fermi's Golden rule, large transition probabilities are obtained between the sublevels of the adiabatic lowest triplet state (T 1 ) and the ground state (S 0 ), and phosphorescence is expected to be observed in this complex. This result is in good agreement with experimental reports.

The strain-promoted "double-click" (SPDC) reaction using Sondheimer diyne, a novel convergent method conjugating three molecules spontaneously, has enabled us to readily modify an azido-biomolecule with a small reporter azido-molecule.