[Purpose] Pulmonary rehabilitation is appropriate for most individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation consists of conditioning and exercise therapy. Conditioning includes relaxation, breathing exercises, and manual chest wall compression during expiration (CWC). CWC improves the symptoms in individuals with respiratory disease who have undergone mechanical ventilation. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of CWC for COPD has been insufficient. This study aimed to determine physiological responses to CWC in participants with COPD. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-nine participants with COPD were included in the study. Manual CWC techniques were performed in a comfortable position chosen by the participants (sitting, forward-leaning (sitting), or semi-Fowler’s). Ventilatory parameters, occlusion airway pressure (P0.1), and dyspnea were assessed using a visual analog scale and were compared before and during CWC. [Results] During manual CWC, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, and dyspnea were significantly decreased; however, P0.1 was not affected. [Conclusion] Manual CWC for COPD had an immediate physiological effect, including a decrease in dyspnea that may have been facilitated by a reduced workload of the respiratory muscles. Thus, manual CWC may be effective for dyspnea by reducing oxygen consumption in the respiratory muscles.
Boccia is a targeted sport that has been devised in Europe for people with severe cerebral palsy (CP) or similar severe limbs dysfunction. In the target sport, it is important that the parasympathetic nerve becomes dominant during the competition, and it is said that the parasympathetic nerve activity tends to become dominant by training to raise the heart rate. The training protocol incorporates a rolling movement, which is an Activities of Daily Living (ADL) that can be performed even with severe CP. The purpose of this study is to verify whether interval rolling movement (IR), which repeats rolling movement at the maximum speed, is effective as training for increasing heart rate associated with effort exercise for people with severe CP. One workout consisted of 1minute rolling movement and 30seconds of rest, and three times of this workout were as 1set of IR. Subjects performed 3sets of IR with a 5minutes rest and performed this training for 6months. Six severe CP boccia players were divided into two groups, 1/week group and 1/month group, depending on the frequency of intervention. As a result, the post-exercise heart rate and the number of turns per minute increased significantly in the weekly group, and no significant change was observed in the monthly group. For severe CP boccia players, it was suggested that conducting IR at least once a week is an effective method of training aimed at increasing heart rate associated with effort exercise.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of relaxation postures by measuring airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) and heartbeat variability as indicators of respiratory motor output and autonomic nervous function, respectively. [Subjects] Eleven healthy university students (5 males, 6 females, aged 20.3 0.5 years) participated in this study. [Methods] The measurement postures were standing, sitting, forward-leaning sitting, and semi-Fowler's posture. Subjects maintained each posture for four minutes and their respiration and heartbeat variability were measured, following which P0.1 was measured five times in one minute. [Results] P0.1 and heart rate were significantly lower in the semi-Fowler's posture compared with sitting. Also, in terms of heartbeat variability, the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system was high in the semi-Fowler's posture. [Conclusion] This result suggests that the semi-Fowler's posture is more effective than sitting at reducing heart rate and increasing parasympathetic nervous system activity as a relaxation posture.
We examined the respiratory muscle electromyographic activity under various resistive loads by the respiratory muscle training apparatus. Of seven healthy adult males, the maximum respiratory mouth pressure and respiratory mouth pressure during five degrees of inspiratory and expiratory resistances were measured, and electromyographic activities were recorded by an electromyogram recorder throughout the measurement. Electromyographic activity of the maximum voluntary contraction was also recorded. Muscles used for the study were inspiratory muscles (m, sternocleidomastoid, m, trapezius) and expiratory muscles (m. externus obliquus abdominis, m, rectus abdominis). The level of each electromyographic activity was expressed in the percentage of that of the maximum voluntary contraction. There was a linear relationship between respiratory mouth pressure and load. Two-way layout analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of two factors, electromyographic activity and load, but electromyographic activity of each muscle differed in quantity. The electromyographic activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle revealed the highest value in the inspiratory load, and all muscles exhibited a linear increase with an increase in load. On the other hand, expiratory muscles of externus obliquus abdominis revealed high value from low load, but other muscles did not reveal significant activity with an increase in load.
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