Lithium chloride reduced the rate of acquisition of a passive-avoidance response and decreased the rats' reaction to the shock delivery. Acquisition of an active-avoidance response was unimpaired by lithium, although lithium-administered rats responded predominantly to the cue stimulus, making significantly fewer precue avoidance responses than did controls. Lithium's efficacy in the treatment of manic disorders may, therefore, be the result of a decrease in the individual's reactivity to low-intensity stimulation.
40 male and 40 female subjects were selected according to high and low levels of dominance and physical attractiveness. Each subject was assigned to a male or female interviewer who verbally administered a 3-min. biographical questionnaire while an observer made a frequency count of the nonverbal emblems used by the subjects. In general, female subjects expressed more emblems than males and subjects of high dominance expressed more emblems than low dominant subjects. Findings were qualified by the following: highly attractive women used more emblems than did women of low attractiveness or men, use of emblems did not differ as a function of attractiveness for men, in same-sex dyads use of emblems did not differ as a function of dominance but in cross-sex dyads highly dominant men and women showed more use than did men and women low in dominance.
The Religious Life Inventory was administered to 454 college students, members of one of three religious denominations (Catholic, Methodist, Baptist) or a member of no church (nonaffiliate). An evaluation of the four groups on 3 scales showed nonaffiliates scored less external in religious sentiment than affiliates, Baptists scored higher on internal religious sentiment than nonaffiliates, and no differences among groups were found for interactional religious sentiment.
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