The a priori voting powers of member countries in the council of ministers of the European Union have been discussed in the literature mainly from the view-point of Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik indices. This paper discusses -in the light of these and other more recent (Colomer's, Holler's as well as Deegan and Packel's) power indices -the interaction of the council ministers and the European Parliament (EP) under the assumption that the consent of both bodies is needed to carry a motion or piece of union-wide legislation. Moreover, the double-majority principle is discussed from the view-point of voting power distribution. Finally we consider the voting power distribution in a three-chamber system consisting of Commission, Council and EP.
We study the problem of running a set membership test in private manner. We require that a client wants to have the option of not revealing the item for which the membership test is done. Respectively, the server does not wants to reveal the contents of the whole set. A Bloom filter is applied in the membership test. We present two protocols based on prior work as well as a new protocol. Each of these is having a slightly different privacy and complexity properties. We motivate the problem in the context of an anti-malware client checking application fingerprints against a cloud-based malware signature database.
The methods for secure outsourcing and secure one-time programs have recently been of great research interest. Garbling schemes are regarded as a promising technique for these applications while Bellare, Hoang and Rogaway introduced the first formal security notions for garbling schemes in [3, 4]. Ever since, even more security notions have been introduced and garbling schemes have been categorized in different security classes according to these notions. In this paper, we introduce new security classes of garbling schemes and build a hierarchy for the security classes including the known classes as well as classes introduced in this paper.
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