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A system for orbital object monitoring is analyzed, based on a mid-latitude and an equatorial observatory. The enhancements with respect to the use of a single telescope located at mid-latitude, for space debris detection and tracking are highlighted in terms of surveying volume, object identification, and orbital determination accuracy. The need to improve observation capabilities in monitoring and cataloguing such kinds of objects is constantly growing, due to the constant increase of operative satellites and space debris in both geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) regions. After the considerations on the feasibility of the whole system, an overview of the observatories' design is sketched, on the basis of previous Italian experience in space debris observation, and taking into account constraints imposed by the instrumentation. In particular the main characteristics of components, software for image analysis and observation methodologies are analyzed and a possible configuration is given, based on the ALMASCOPE observatory realized by the Space Robotics Group at the University of Bologna. This observatory was used for the 2010 test campaign carried out from the Broglio Space Center in Kenya

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The scheduling model of orbital debris can be considered as composed by a set of optical ground station which move with the surface of the Earth, a set of space situation awareness centre which can be assumed connected to ground station, and orbital debris travelling through different kind of orbit generating visibility windows when the line of sight (LOS) to ground station exists. To solve this, scheduling problem can be considered as the allocation of observing time of the telescope to collect measurements of the debris (i.e., to improve orbit or attitude determination, spin rate evolution, etc.). The increasing number of space debris to be observed with optical ground station has caused the combinatorial explosion in the number of intervals to be scheduled. Therefore, new scheduling approach to provide a solution to the new requests is needed. In the framework of the Agreement between Italian Space Agency (ASI) and National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) "Supporto alle attività IADC e validazione pre-operativa per SST " (N.2015-028-R.0), S5Lab research group has developed a network of observatory fully dedicated for space debris observations. Moreover, a scheduler called NICO (Networked Instrument Coordinator for debris Observations) has been developed specifically designed for the harmonization of individual user requests by considering meteorological and astronomical constraints. This paper outlines the advantages of the developed custom solution based on modular architecture. NICO's architecture is based on a multilayer system: the front end is designed to allow external registered users to specify their observing requests and to assign specific scientific priority; the back-end is changed for the business logic by determining the visibility windows for each request and to solve the conflict. The implemented conflict solver solution is based on genetic algorithms. This paper outlines the results of the application of NICO scheduler to the 2018-IADC (Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee) international optical observing campaigns.

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