A study was made of behaviour of the upper central incisor, lower second premolar and lower first molar under various loading conditions, with the finite element method. Analysis was made of tooth deflections, rotational centre, stresses in the periodontal membrane, turning moments of tooth and supporting forces of the periodontal membrane. It was shown that the horizontal vector of load was much more influential to the teeth than the vertical vector, and that effects of the loading angle on the tooth behaviour were found most markedly in the lower first molar, followed by the lower second premolar and upper central incisor in decreasing order.

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Biomechanical evaluation was made of horizontal nonparallel pin position effects on stresses of tooth structure and interpulpal temperatures with a stress analysis and heat conductive analysis, following finite element methods. The results were that it is adequate to use geometry to decide horizontal pin position in a routine clinic.

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