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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are currently seen and discussed as innovations, including within the European Commission. We assume that this should result in their broader popularity and implementation in EU countries. We analyse the diffusion of NBS in Poland, a post-socialist country, in the case of which less has been written on NBS and urban green and blue infrastructure than in West European countries. In spite of the above assumption, we indicate that the rate of NBS acceptance in Poland is relatively low and their visibility is limited. Our study uses Amoeba, a tool for understanding, mapping and planning for innovation diffusion and cultural change processes to understand the reasons for this situation and to seek the methods of its improvement. We focus on two case studies, green roofs and ecological corridors, and analyse the roles played by different stakeholders, their attitudes towards these innovations and their influence on NBS diffusion in Poland, as well as the interactions between them.

Derivatives of 12‐molybdophosphoric acid (H3PMo12O40), containing vanadium in the form of a vanadyl cation or substituted as addenda in Keggin anions, have been synthesized and characterized by IR, LRS, XPS, NMR, and DTA/DTG. Their catalytic behavior in the oxidation of methanol, butane and pentane has been determined. Both catalysts exhibit strong acidity, due to hydrolysis of the secondary structure in the case of the salt. The vanadium atom performs its role as the active site for the activation of hydrocarbon molecules irrespective of whether it is present as a cation or incorporated in Keggin anions.

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A B S T R A C TThe article presents the results of experiments on the potential of model solutions of urea, creatinine, glycine, histidine, and arginine to form several organic chlorination by-products. These precursors are the main organic-nitrogen compounds, whose sources in swimming pool water are sweat and urine of bathers. In the article, the formation potential of the following by-products has been presented and discussed: trichloromethane; monochloroacetic acid; dichloroacetic acid; trichloroacetic acid; trichloroacetonitrile; dichloroacetonitrile; 1,1-dichloropropanone; 1,1,1-trichloropropanone; chloral hydrate; and chloropicrin. The test on by-products formation potential was applied to conduct the experiments, and 24-h incubation time was applied for the swimming pool water samples, disinfected in three variants of treatment: (1) chlorination alone; (2) chlorination and Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (cumulative dose 23.5 kJ/m 2 ); and (3) chlorination and UV irradiation (cumulative dose 47 kJ/m 2 ). The low-pressure UV lamp by Heraeus was used to irradiate the samples. The results of experiments have been discussed and analyzed to study the influence of UV radiation on the reactivity of individual model precursors and their potential to form halogenated organic chlorination by-products.