Impact of UV disinfection on the potential of model organic-nitrogen precursors to form chlorination by-products in swimming pool water

Włodyka-Bergier, A.; Bergier, Tomasz

doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1043484

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Due to the fact that UV rays are an excellent disinfectant, albeit with a short-lasting effect, in order to obtain full microbiological safety, the use of a second stage of disinfection was envisaged, which, as already mentioned, will be sodium hypochlorite produced from common salt according to the current demand (Gibczyńska 2013, Kowal and Świderska-Bróż 2009, Papciak et al 2011, Włodyka-Bergier and Bergier 2013. It will also be dosed into the water at three points: into Ø 900 and Ø 700 delivery pipes in the new chamber above the UV lamps and into Ø 300 pipe below the UV lamp in the Raba I pumping station.…”

Section: New Water Disinfection Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Environmental Protection

Jachimowski¹,

Nitkiewicz²

2019

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The objective of the paper is to use life cycle assessment to compare environmental impact of different technologies used in the process of water disinfection. Two scenarios are developed for water disinfection life cycle at ZUW Raba water treatment plant: (1) historical, in which gaseous chlorine is used as a disinfectant and (2) actual, in which UV radiation and electrolytically generated sodium hypochlorite are used for that purpose. Primary data is supplemented with ecoinvent 3 database records. Environmental impact is assessed by IMPACT2002+ method and its midpoint and endpoint indicators that are calculated with the use of SimaPro 8.4 software. The focus of the assessment is on selected life cycle phases: disinfection process itself and the water distribution process that follows. The assessment uses the data on fl ows and emissions streams as observed in the Raba plant. As the results of primal analysis show, a change of disinfectant results in quantitative changes in THMs and free chlorine in water supplied to the water supply network. The results of analysis confi rm the higher potential of THMs formation and higher environmental impact of the combined method of UV/NaClO disinfection in distribution phase and in whole life cycle, mainly due to the increase of human toxicity factors. However, during the disinfection phase, gaseous chlorine use is more harmful for environment. But the fi nal conclusion states that water quality indicators are not signifi cant in the context of LCA, while both disinfection and distribution phases are concerned.

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Section: New Water Disinfection Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Environmental Protection

Jachimowski¹,

Nitkiewicz²

2019

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“…They constitute an undesirable group of substances arising from the reaction of disinfectants with impurities [2]. Their presence was first discovered in 1970 [3] and is a problem that is widely described in the literature [4][5][6]. DBP precursors can include secretions from the human body, chemicals used in cosmetics, and natural organic matter, among others [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Pool Detergents on Formation of Chloramines in Swimming Pool Water

Stańkowska

Włodyka-Bergier

Bergier

2019

GaEE

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Cleaning agents used in swimming pools are essential elements in maintaining the proper hygiene of a swimming pool facility. They can also pollute water and cause a potential health hazard for swimming pool users. Studies show that the combination of substances used for disinfection with some contaminations presented in pool water can cause the formation of many dangerous by-products. One of these is chloramines, which have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties; this is why an analysis of the factors that influence their formation is very important. The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of pool detergents used on swimming pools on the formation of chloramines in pool water. Samples of swimming pool water were treated with selected detergents (Benamin AKR, Benamin SND, Randklar A, and Randklar S) used in one of Krakow’s public swimming pools and then tested for monochloramine, dichloramine, and trichloride. The results may be helpful in taking the steps to mitigate the negative effects of using cleaning agents.

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Predicting human exposure and risk from chlorinated indoor swimming pool: a case study

Chowdhury

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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This study predicted human exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in a chlorinated indoor swimming pool. Human exposure was predicted through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal routes while ingestion exposure was accidental with water intake of 18-34 mL/h. The number of pool attendants and duration and frequency of swimming were in the ranges of 14-62 persons/day, 40-85 min/event, and 26-48 times/year, respectively. Trihalomethanes (THMs) in pool water and air were 28.7-95.5 μg/L and 44.1-133.6 μg/m(3), respectively, while haloacetic acids (HAAs) in pool water were 68.9-158.9 μg/L. The brominated THMs in water and air were 95.4 and 94.3% of total THMs, respectively, while brominated HAAs were 94.4 % of total HAAs. Chronic daily intakes of THMs and HAAs were 2.16 × 10(-5)-3.14 × 10(-3) and 8.4 × 10(-8)-4.6 × 10(-6) mg/kg-day, respectively. The cancer risk from three THMs and two HAAs was 2.46 × 10(-5) with a range of 8.1 × 10(-6)-5.7 × 10(-5), in which THMs contributed 99.6% of total risks. Approximately 99.3% of risks were through inhalation and dermal routes, indicating that the ingestion route may be insignificant. The cancer risks from THMs in swimming pool were 4.06-6.64 times to the cancer risks from THMs in drinking water.

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Impact of UV disinfection on the potential of model organic-nitrogen precursors to form chlorination by-products in swimming pool water

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Archives of Environmental Protection

Archives of Environmental Protection

Influence of Pool Detergents on Formation of Chloramines in Swimming Pool Water

Predicting human exposure and risk from chlorinated indoor swimming pool: a case study

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