Durante las últimas décadas, el mundo se ha expuesto a una serie de amenazas por brotes virales emergentes de diferente índole, los cuales, sólo al estudiarlos en detalle, surge la posibilidad de comprender su verdadero impacto, no sólo de forma inmediata, si no también, a largo plazo. Recientemente, el 12 de diciembre de 2019, la Comisión Municipal de Salud de Wuhan, en la República Popular de China, hizo público un reporte de 27 casos humanos quienes cursaron con una neumonía viral, de los cuales 7 pacientes se encontraban en condiciones críticas, la cual tenía como etiología un nuevo patógeno humano con alta capacidad zoonótica, conocido provisionalmente como Coronavirus novel 2019 (2019-nCoV), y unas semanas después como Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2.

Although neurological involvement is infrequent, it has a high mortality and morbidity rate when is not well diagnosed and treated on time.

Dengue, an important mosquito-borne virus transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti, is a major public health issue in Latin America and the Caribbean. National epidemiological surveillance systems, usually based on passive detection of symptomatic cases, while underestimating the true burden of dengue disease, can provide valuable insight into disease trends and excess reporting and potential outbreaks. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to characterize the recent epidemiology of dengue disease in Latin America and the English-speaking and Hispanic Caribbean Islands. We identified 530 articles, 60 of which met criteria for inclusion. In general, dengue seropositivity across the region was high and increased with age. All four virus serotypes were reported to circulate in the region. These observations varied considerably between and within countries and over time, potentially due to climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) and their effect on mosquito densities and differences in socioeconomic factors. This review provides important insight into the major epidemiological characteristics of dengue in distinct regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, allowing gaps in current knowledge and future research needs to be identified.

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