Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is increasing in both poor and rich countries. Epidemiologic studies have reported significant and continuous associations between HbA1c level and diabetes-related vascular complications. Younger adults with early exposure to hyperglycemia are at high risk for end-organ damage. Few studies have reported the relationship of age to glycemic control in patients with T2DM world-wide and little comparison among young adults and elderly patients especially in the Asian population. This study investigates the relationship of age and glycemic control in Asian patients with T2DM attending primary care clinics in Singapore.

Perinatal asphyxia may be severe and affect the neurological system, causing hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Twenty-three term infants with HIE were studied over 3.5 years. Nine died and of the 14 survivors, eight were normal and the rest had abnormal neurological sequelae. Favourable prognostic markers were a 5 minute Apgar score > 5, first pH > 7.1, and stage I HIE. Despite standard neonatal intensive care management, the mortality and morbidity rates for these infants remained high.

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Phylogenetic Dendrograms, Molecular Evolution For the construction of a phylogenetic tree an algorithm is described. This, allows the correction of the original data and the proper selection, in each step of the process, of the nearest neighbours of a common ancestor.

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