BackgroundBreast cancer has become one of the most common causes of mortality among Indonesian women. Many women in Indonesia present with late-stage breast cancer, negatively affecting prognosis and treatment outcomes. Better prognosis of breast cancer will be achieved if it is diagnosed in an earlier stage, thus efforts to detect breast cancer earlier are important. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is considered as an important first step to encourage women to actively be responsible for their own health, especially for women in low-and middle-income countries with limited resources and access to other forms of preventive healthcare (e.g., screening programs). The present study aimed to predict BSE practice among women in Surabaya, Indonesia using the Health Belief Model (HBM).MethodsThis investigation was a cross-sectional survey which was distributed among 1967 women aged 20–60 years. The Indonesian version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (I-CHBMS) was used to explain self-reported BSE practice. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of HBM variables with BSE practice.Results44.4% of the respondents indicated they had performed BSE. Further, the results indicated that the HBM variables were significantly associated with BSE practice. Specifically, higher perceived benefits and self-efficacy, lower perceived barriers and less cues to action were unique correlates of BSE practice. The result also showed that perceived severity and susceptibility were not associated with BSE practice.ConclusionThis study indicated that several HBM constructs significantly associated with BSE practice among Indonesian women, suggesting that BSE health education programs should emphasize the perceived benefits of BSE, focus on increasing women’s self-efficacy to address and overcome perceived barriers in performing BSE, and help them in identifying personally relevant cues to action.

Background. Breast cancer has become one of the most prevalent causes of mortality among Indonesian women. Better prognosis of breast cancer will be achieved if it is diagnosed in an earlier stage, thus efforts to detect breast cancer earlier are important. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is considered as an important first step to encourage women to actively be responsible for their own health, especially for women in developing countries with limited resources and access to other forms of preventive healthcare. The present study aimed to predict BSE behavior among women in Surabaya, Indonesia using the HBM. Methods. This investigation was a cross-sectional survey which was distributed among 1,967 women aged 20-60 years. The Indonesian version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (I-CHBMS) was used to explain self-reported BSE practice. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of HBM variables with BSE practice.Results Almost half of the sample (44.4%) had performed BSE. Further, the results indicated that the HBM variables were significantly associated with BSE practice. Specifically, higher perceived benefits and self-efficacy, lower perceived barriers and less cues to action were unique correlates of BSE behavior. The result also showed that perceived severity and susceptibility were not associated with BSE behavior. Conclusion. This study indicated that several HBM constructs significantly associated with BSE behavior among Indonesian women, suggesting that BSE health education programs should emphasize the perceived benefits of BSE, focus on increasing women’s self-efficacy to address and overcome perceived barriers in performing BSE, and help them in identifying personally relevant cues to action.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dukungan sosial teman sebayaterhadap motivasi berprestasi siswa tunarungu di sekolah inklusi SMA sederajat. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan melakukan survei serta melibatkan 32 koresponden tunarungu, dengan kategori ringan sampai sedang. Alat ukur dukungan sosial yang digunakan peneliti memiliki koefisien reliabilitas cronbach alpha sebesar 0,929. Alat ukur motivasi berprestasi memiliki koefisien reliabilitas cronbach alpha sebesar 0,910. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS 22 for windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial teman sebaya memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi. Hal tersebut terlihat dari taraf signifikansi yang kurang dari 0,05, yaitu sebesar 0,000. Dukungan sosial teman sebaya dapat memengaruhi siswa tunarungu di sekolah inklusi SMA sederajat sebesar 85,2% (R= 0,852).

This study aimed to obtain themes and constructs to develop modules and training curricula for cadres for the detection of depression in pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in Surabaya, Indonesia. The Delphi method through three stages was applied: i) searching for academic and non-academic references; ii) compiling themes and constructs based on the findings of the first phase and distributing them to expert panel; and iii) concluding a consensus according to the guidelines. The panel approved two training objectives, five training materials, six training methods, two training time, two training duration, two training evaluation method, and six trainer qualifications. The findings can be the basis for developing modules and curricula to detect maternal depression in pregnant and breastfeeding women for cadres in Indonesia.

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