Second
near-infrared window fluorescence imaging (NIR-II
FI) has
attracted tremendous attention in bioimaging. Until now, most probes
for NIR-II FI are nanomaterials that are metabolized via hepatobiliary
metabolism. Such a metabolic pathway may take several months, causing
long-term toxicity. Herein, we design and synthesize a renal-clearable
PEGylated semiconducting oligomer (PSO) for the NIR-II FI of tumor.
PSO is composed of a semiconducting oligomer (SO) backbone as an NIR-II
fluorescence reporter and four poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains
as water-soluble enhancers. PSO can emit an NIR-II fluorescence signal
with the maximum emission at 1000 nm under the excitation of 808 nm
light. PSO shows good biocompatibility and can be partially cleared
out of body via renal clearance. PSO can be utilized for the NIR-II
FI of tumor as it can effectively accumulate into tumor.
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window has gained more and more attention in recent years and showed great potential in the field of bioimaging. Until now, numerous materials have been developed as contrast agents for NIR-II PA imaging. Among them, small molecule dyes hold unique advantages such as definite structures and capability of fast clearance from body. By virtue of these advantages, small molecule dyes-constructed nanoparticles have relatively small size and show promise in the clinical translation. Thus, in this minireview, we summarize recent advances in small molecule dyes-based nanotheranostics for NIR-II PA imaging and cancer therapy. Studies about NIR-II PA imaging-guided phototherapy are first introduced. Then, NIR-II PA imaging-guided phototherapy-based combination therapeutic systems are reviewed. Finally, the conclusion and perspectives of this field are summarized and discussed.
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