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Purpose -The purpose of this study is to examine the development of service quality research in hospitality and tourism from 1984 to 2014, to identify research gaps, and to suggest directions for future research.Design/methodology/approach -This review comprised three steps with the first being the generation of a structural map by using the online pathfinder network (PFNET) to identify potential research themes. The second research step involved an online literature search covering 2,211 academic journal articles to obtain basic information for planning an additional content investigation concerning the research themes. The final step was to investigate the content of the articles published in top-tier journals or frequently cited ones in three different stages (in order to explore potential research topics.Finding -The study identifies 17 research themes that comprise two main research themes, seven sub-stems, six outer-leaves, and two little-leaves. The developments of service quality research in each theme are explored. The role of each theme in service quality study is revealed. Finally, this study identifies research opportunities for service quality research within each theme.Practical implications -This study demonstrates how to use PFNET to effectively perform a systematic literature review. By referring to previous publications reviewed in this study, researchers can contribute by extending existing theories in their further research on the seventeen themes.Originality/value -This study contributes a systematic literature review method by applying an online PFNET approach, provides a well-researched list of references for

Under the circumstance of COVID-19, online education has become an inevitable choice and a mainstream form of education in various countries. Intelligent Tutoring Systems ( ITSs ) are a critical category of a carrier of online education which refers to using Artificial Intelligence Technology ( AIT ) to realize distance teaching and learning through integrating multiple resources, assist teachers to implement online classes and help students learn courses online, etc. The target of this study is to examine the determinants that explain college students’ adoption of ITSs based on TRA and TAM under the era of COVID-19 in China.. This study targets college students who have used ITSs over the previous year to learn courses. In total, 590 valid samples were collected. Partial least squares ( PLS ) approach is employed to inspect the determinants of college students’ acceptance of using ITSs. The results of the analysis indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, college students’ attitude and political influence significantly affect college students’ behavioral intention towards using ITSs. In addition, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and political influence also affect college students’ attitude toward using ITSs. And consisitent with previous research, perceived ease of use has a significant effects on perceived usefulness. This study enriches the TRA and TAM theories by incorporating a new variable political influence for researchers to consider in the future. In addition, it makes several suggestions for system developers to improve system functions regarding its ease of use and for content manufactures to pay attention to quality regarding usefulness. Recommendations are provided to colleges, universities and education authorities to rethink their roles in reforming online education through ITSs.

Laccase is a polyphenol oxidase with the ability to oxidize a broad range of persistent organic pollutants, including benzo[a]pyrene, the most carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the reaction conditions for benzo [a]pyrene oxidation by laccase from Trametes versicolor were optimized in a liquid medium by a series of single factor experiments. The maximal benzo[a]pyrene oxidation rate was observed at 40• C, pH 4, 10% of acetonitrile and an incubation time of more than 24 hr, and the benzo[a]pyrene oxidation was enhanced significantly by the addition of a mediator, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS). Laccase was also applied to aged PAHs polluted soil to examine the efficiency of enzymatic bioremediation. The results showed that the enzyme was still effective in the degradation of anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo [a]anthracene in soil. Moreover, the degradation rate of most PAHs increased by the addition of ABTS. Our results indicated that the bioremediation of PAHs contaminated soil using laccase is feasible but a suboptimal pH might be a limiting factor in the enzymatic treatment of soil.

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Rotation is a common phenomenon in nature, although the detailed statistical principle behind it is seldom discussed. This article aims to inspire people to think about such problems. In this article, probability theory and the corresponding modules of Mathematica software are used to study the distribution of angular speeds generated by a population of equal-speed particles moving randomly in space. The probability density expression of this distribution is derived successfully, and its accuracy is then verified using simulation data. Finally, it is confirmed that the angular speed follows a Maxwell distribution with a specified scale parameter. This research may be helpful for understanding why most celestial bodies or microparticles in the universe are in rotation.