ZrBa-SBA is highly efficient for the MPV reduction of HMF to BHMF, as the etherification of BHMF was suppressed.

2,5-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is an important biomass-based platform chemical that can be derived from the hydrogenation of biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this paper, the formation of BHMF from HMF via the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) process, using isopropanol as the hydrogen source and Ru/Co 3 O 4 as the catalyst, was studied. The results revealed that the Ru/Co 3 O 4 catalyst displayed a high catalytic efficiency, and that a BHMF yield of up to 82% was obtained at 190 • C in 6 h. Moreover, it was found that the recovered Ru/Co 3 O 4 exhibited a similar catalytic activity to the pristine Ru/Co 3 O 4 catalyst. These results supported the conclusion that the present CTH process is an attractive green route for the synthesis of BHMF from biomass-based HMF.

Biomass‐derived di‐ethers, 2,5‐bis(alkoxymethyl)furans (BAMFs), are currently envisaged as promising biodiesel or additives. Herein, Zr‐SBA prepared by a urea hydrolysis method (Zr‐SBA‐UH) is used as a highly active bifunctional catalyst for the reductive etherification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and offers the 2,5‐bis(isopropoxymethyl)furan (BPMF) yield up to 93.6% using isopropanol as the solvent and hydrogen source. Zirconia is proved to be located mainly out of the mesoporous channels for Zr‐SBA‐UH, which leads to significant enhancement in the acid content of the catalyst, and then greatly promotes the catalytic performance of Zr‐SBA‐UH for the reductive etherification of HMF. The general soundness of Zr‐SBA‐UH in other monohydric alcohols is further confirmed in this contribution, guaranteeing that a family of BAMFs can be prepared by this catalytic system. In addition, Zr‐SBA‐UH is a robust catalyst that can be reused for at least five continuous runs without a significant loss of its catalytic activity.

To meet increasing demands for alternatives to fossil-based chemicals, environment-friendly and renewable energy materials are of great importance. Biomass-derived 2,5-bis-(hydroxylmethyl)furan (BHMF) has the potential to partly substitute petroleum-based aromatic diols during polymerization. This paper summarizes recent research on the synthesis of BHMF by the reaction of hydrogen from biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural through different reduction routes, including the Cannizzaro reaction, catalytic hydrogenation, and catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Applications of BHMF as a direct material and intermediate in fabricating polyurethane, self-healing materials, resins, and more, which utilize ring-opening, double-bond addition, and oxidation reactions, are discussed briefly. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities in the formation and application of BHMF in the future are discussed.

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Cu1–Cu0 bicomponent CuNPs@ZIF-8 is a highly selective and active catalyst for the hydrogenation of HMF to DHMF.

As eries of MCM-41 supported metal catalysts (denoted M/ D41) were prepared by using the deep eutectic solvent( DES)mediated ionothermal synthesis strategy.A l/D41 was found to have excellent performance in the conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Furthermore, the production of HMF from glucose could be performed at high concentrationsincholine chloride aqueous solution (CAS;32wt%,relative to the reaction phase) and as ar esult, CAS is am ore promisings olventthan water and DES for HMF production.Biomass and carbohydrates are the focus of considerable attention for the production of valuable bio-based fuels and platform chemicals. [1] One particular bio-based platform chemical, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural( HMF),h as emerged as av ersatile chemicalf or the productiono fb iofuelsa nd fine chemicals. [2] However,t he conversiono fb iomass into HMF requires improvement if it is to be carriedo ut in quantities that can meet global demand. Without cost-effective HMF production routes, its full potential cannot be realized.HMF is generally obtained by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of carbohydrates. Previous studies have focused on homogeneous catalysts including mineral acids and metal-salts, but there are numerousi ssues associated with this strategy,s uch as equipment corrosion, environmental unfriendliness, and recycling difficulties. [3] The production of HMF has been examined by using heterogeneous catalysts that can be recovered and recycled, such as molecular sieves, [4] ion-exchange resins, [5] metal oxides, [6] and functionalizedm etal-organic frameworks. [7] However, the heterogeneously catalyzedc onversion of carbohydrates requires improvement;c urrent shortfalls include (1) low yields of HMF,( 2) low concentrations of the substrate, (3) excessive catalystr equirements, and (4) reduced activityo f the recycled catalyst. [8] Moreover,t he reaction media for the conversion of biomass into HMFh as to be carefully considered when targeting large-scale applications. Some recent reports concerned the use of water,p olar organic solvents, mixtures of water with organics olvents (biphasic [9] or singlep hase [10] ), ionic liquids, [11] and deep eutectics olvents (DESs) [12] for the production of HMF from carbohydrates. However,t he largescale potentialo ft hese strategies is hindered by side reactions (water), low conversion (polar organic solvents), toxicity/cost (ionic liquids), or low HMF yields (DESs). We recently reported that high HMF yields (> 90 %) are attainable from fructoseb y using aD ES (formed from choline chloride andf ructose) in the presence of al ow concentration of hydrochloric acid. [13] However,t his system is not suitable for heterogeneousc atalysis or the conversion of other carbohydrates or polysaccharides. We also found that renewable betaine-based catalysts in ag reen choline chloride (ChCl) aqueous solution (CAS)r eactionp hase led to enhanced yields of HMF from fructose. [14] In light of these prior studies, we set out to investigate CAS as ar eaction med...

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